The Rolling Stones

array(1) { [0]=> array(4) { ["title"]=> string(18) "The Rolling Stones" ["timestamp"]=> string(20) "2010-09-07T06:57:39Z" ["text"]=> string(96194) "{{EngvarB|date=August 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = The Rolling Stones | Img = Stones members.JPG | Img_capt = Mick Jagger, Keith Richards
Ronnie Wood, Charlie Watts | Landscape = yes | Background = group_or_band | Alias = | Origin = London, England | Years_active = 1962–present | Genre = [[rock music|Rock]], [[rock and roll]], [[blues-rock]], [[rhythm and blues]], [[blues]] | Label = [[Decca Records|Decca]], [[London Records|London]], [[Rolling Stones Records|Rolling Stones]], [[Virgin Records|Virgin]], [[ABKCO]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]], [[Polydor Records|Polydor]] | Associated_acts = | URL = [http://www.rollingstones.com www.RollingStones.com] | Current_members = [[Mick Jagger]]
[[Keith Richards]]
[[Charlie Watts]]
[[Ronnie Wood]] | Past_members = [[Brian Jones]]
[[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]]
[[Mick Taylor]]
[[Bill Wyman]]
[[Tony Chapman]]
[[Mick Avory]]
[[Dick Taylor]] }} The '''Rolling Stones''' are an English [[rock music|rock]] band formed in April 1962 by guitarist and harmonica player [[Brian Jones]], pianist [[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]], vocalist [[Mick Jagger]] and guitarist [[Keith Richards]]. Bassist [[Bill Wyman]] and drummer [[Charlie Watts]] completed the early lineup. At inception the band's material was heavily weighted with [[rhythm and blues]] material, and they are credited for raising the international regard for the more primitive blues typified by [[Chess Records]]' artists such as Muddy Waters who wrote [[Rollin' Stone]], the song after which the band is named. Unconcerned with being authentic blues stylists, from the start the Rolling Stones have played rock and roll, and have written and recorded in many genres.{{Cite podcast | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00kc752 | title = Podcast: Faking It with Yuval Taylor | website = http://www.maximumfun.org/shows/sound-young-america | publisher = http://www.maximumfun.org/ | date = April 09 2007 | accessdate = August 29 2010 }} Jones led the band until [[Jagger/Richards|Jagger and Richards]] together wrote hit songs for the band and assumed control. In 1969 Jones' contributions to recording were minimal, and he was unable to tour the United States for legal reasons; he left the band by mutual agreement. Shortly before Jones' untimely death in 1969, [[Mick Taylor]] joined the Rolling Stones on guitar. Taylor left in 1974 and was replaced by [[Ronnie Wood]]. Wyman left in 1990, and his replacement [[Darryl Jones]] became the primary bassist, but he has not been made a full member. Stewart was taken from the official lineup in 1963 to continue as the band's road manager and occasional keyboardist until his death in 1985. After gaining popularity in Europe, The Rolling Stones became successful in North America during the so-called [[British Invasion]] of the mid 1960s. They have released 22 [[studio albums]] in the United Kingdom (24 in the United States), eight [[concert (album)|concert albums]] (nine in the US) and numerous compilations; they have been estimated to have sold worldwide more than 200 million albums.{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL1767761020080117 |title=Rolling Stones sign Universal album deal |publisher=Reuters.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-06}} ''[[Sticky Fingers]]'' (1971) began a string of eight consecutive studio albums reaching number one in the United States. Their most recent album of entirely new material, ''[[A Bigger Bang]]'', was released in 2005. In 1989 the Rolling Stones were inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], and in 2004 they ranked number 4 in [[Rolling Stone magazine]]'s 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.{{cite web |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/5702/31963/31980 |title=100 Greatest Artists of All Time - 4 The Rolling Stones |accessdate=2010-09-02 |publisher=Rolling Stone |work=RollingStone.com |author=Steven Van Zandt |year=2004 |month=April}} In 2008, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked the Rolling Stones at number ten on "[[Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists|The Billboard Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists]]", and as the second most successful group in the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart.{{cite news| url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/top100-artists-20.shtml | title=Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary |work=Billboard| accessdate=1 October 2009}} After signing to [[Decca Records]] in 1963, the band changed their name from "The Rollin' Stones" to "The Rolling Stones".Oldham 2000. p. 221 Band members and others often refer to the band as "'''The Stones'''". == History == === Early history === In the early 1950s Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were boyhood friends and classmates at Wentworth Primary School in [[Dartford]], Kent, until their families moved apart.{{cite web|url=http://www.stonesplanet.com/biography.htm |title="Biography of the Stones" |publisher=Stonesplanet.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-06}} In 1960 when Richards, on his way to class at [[Sidcup Art College]], and Jagger, on his way to class at [[London School of Economics]], met at Dartford train station. The [[Chuck Berry]] and [[Muddy Waters]] records Jagger carried revealed a mutual interest leading to the reestablishment of their friendship and the formation of a band with Dick Taylor (later of [[Pretty Things]]). .{{cite web| last =| first =| title = The Rolling Stones Biography| work = Rolling Stone| publisher = Rolling Stone magazine | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/therollingstones/biography| accessdate = 6 June 2006}}{{cite book |last= Greenfield|first= Robert|authorlink= |coauthors=|title= The Rolling Stone Interviews - Keith Richards|year= 1981|publisher= St. Martin's Press/Rolling Stone Press|location= New York|isbn= 0-312-68954-3}} Richards, Taylor and Jagger found Brian Jones as he sat in playing slide guitar with [[Alexis Korner]]'s seminal London [[R&B]] band, [[Blues Incorporated]]. [[Blues Incorporated]] contained two other future members of the Rolling Stones; Ian Stewart and Charlie Watts {{cite web| last =| first =| title = The Rolling Stones Biography| work = Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum| publisher = The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. | url = http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-rolling-stones| accessdate = 1 June 2006}} Stewart found a practice space and joined with Jones to start a R&B band playing [[Chicago Blues]]. Besides Stewart, Jones and Jagger, the first rehearsal of the as-yet-unnamed band also included Richards attending at Jagger's behest. Other participants were guitarist Geoff Bradford and vocalist Brian Knight objected to the rock 'n roll material Jagger and Richards favoured and wanted no part of forming a band with them.{{cite book |last=Jagger |first=Mick |coauthors=Richards, Keith; Watts, Charlie; Wood, Ronnie (editors: Loewenstein, Dora & Dodd, Philip) |title= According to he Rolling Stones |publisher= Chronicle Books |year=2003 |isbn=0-8118-4060-3 |page=40}} In June 1962 the lineup was: Jagger, Richards, Stewart, Jones, Taylor, and drummer Tony Chapman. According to Richards, Jones christened the band while phoning ''Jazz News'' to place an advertisement. When asked what the band's name was, Jones glanced at a [[Muddy Waters]] LP lying on the floor of which one of the tracks was "[[Rollin' Stone]]".Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 42{{cite web| last = | first = Stephen Thomas| title = Rolling Stones Biography| work = Allmusic| publisher = All Media Guide| url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:aifoxqr5ldje~T1| accessdate = 21 December 2006 }}{{cite web| title = Muddy Waters:Rollin' Stone| work = Rolling Stone.com| publisher = Rolling Stone| url = http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/muddywaters/articles/story/6596304/rollin_stone| accessdate = 21 December 2006 }} === 1962–1964 === On 12 July 1962 the group played their first formal gig at the [[Marquee Club]], billed as "The Rollin' Stones".{{cite book |last=Wyman |first=Bill |title=Rolling With the Stones |publisher=DK Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=0-7894-9998-3 |pages=36–37}} The line-up was Jagger, Richards, Jones, (now roommates) along with Stewart on piano, Taylor on bass and Tony Chapman on drums. Jones and Stewart intended to play primarily Chicago blues, but were agreeable to the [[Chuck Berry]] and [[Bo Diddley]] numbers of Jagger and Richards.{{cite book |last=Bockris |first=Victor |title=Keith Richards - The Biography |year=1992 |publisher=Poseidon Press |isbn=0-671-70061-8 |pages=42–43 }} Bassist [[Bill Wyman]] joined in December and drummer [[Charlie Watts]] the following January to form the band's long-standing [[rhythm section]].Wyman 2002. pp. 40-41, pp. 44-45 Acting Rolling Stones' manager [[Giorgio Gomelsky]] booked them for a Sunday afternoon residency at The [[Crawdaddy Club]] that lasted eight months. At this stage the band would play songs for extended jams, including a 20 minute version of Bo Diddley's "Crawdad" for which the club was named.Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 50 Gromelsky thought the Rolling Stones' residency at the Crawdadddy, combined with the ascension of the Beatles, was a formative event for what became heralded as "[[Swinging London]]", and marked the beginning of an international renaissance of the blues.Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 51 Former Beatles publicist, [[Andrew Loog Oldham]] saw the Rolling Stones at the Crawdaddy and signed the band to a management deal in April, 1963.{{cite book |last= Wyman |first= Bill. |title= Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band|publisher= Da Capo Press |year= 1990 |isbn= 0-670-82894-7 |page=123}} Oldham was nineteen—younger than any of the band members—and underage for an agent's license. To operate legally, Oldham partnered with veteran booker Eric Easton, as Mrs. Oldham signed on her son's behalf.Oldham 2000. p. 223page 16, MojoClassic Vol 1 No. 12Wyman 2002. pp. 56-57 Gomelsky, who had no written agreement with the band, was not consulted.Wyman 1990. pp. 135-136 Oldham and Easton signed the Rolling Stones to Decca Records.{{cite book |last=Oldham |first=Andrew Loog |authorlink=Andrew Loog Oldham |title=Stoned: A Memoir of London in the 1960s |publisher=St. Martin's Griffin |year=2000 |location=New York |isbn=0-312-27094-1 |pages=212–213}} According to Oldham, Decca's regret at passing on the Beatles led to favourable terms, including three times the royalty rate of a typical new recording act, artistic control of recordings, as well as ownership of the recording masters, which they were obliged to lease to Decca. The contract - which was with Oldham's company Impact Sound - also allowed Oldham his choice of recording studios.Oldham 2000. p. 205, 212Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. p. 68 With minimal recording experience, Oldham made himself the band's producer and booked the band into independent studios such as [[Olympic Studios|Olympic]], [[De Lane Lea Studios|De Lane Lea]], and most importantly [[Regent Sound Studios|Regent Sound]], a relatively primitive, [[Monaural|monophonic]] demo facility on [[Denmark Street]] featuring egg boxes on the ceiling for sound treatment.Oldham 2000. pp. 209-210{{cite book |last=Hinckley |first=David |coauthors= Rodman, Debra and Coral, Gus|title= The Rolling Stones: Black & White Blues |publisher=Turner Publishing Inc. |year=1995 |id=ISBN 1-57036-150-9}}{{cite web |last =Zentgraf |first=Nico |title=The Complete Works of The Rolling Stones 1962-2008 |url=http://www.nzentgraf.de/books/tcw/works1.htm|accessdate=23 February 2008 }} All tracks for the first Rolling Stones album were recorded at Regent, where, because studio time was inexpensive, the band recorded for extended intervals instead of the typical three hour slot, a practice the band has generally maintained since.Oldham 2000. p. 2133 Another attraction of Regent, Oldham said, was that "The sound leaked, instrument to instrument, the right way" creating a "wall of noise" in mono that suited the band's sound.Oldham 2000. p. 252-3 Using independent studios also let Oldham contrast the Rolling Stones with the Beatles, the latter of whom Oldham said appeared to be "mere mortals ... sweating in the studio for the man".Oldham 2000. p. 205 Although Oldham initially tried more conventionally to present the band wearing identical suits—only to see them return to wearing their own clothes for public appearances,Wyman 1990. p. 136 his strategy became to portray the Rolling Stones as the nasty opposites of the Beatles, suggesting and welcoming such provocative headlines such as "Would you let your daughter marry a Rolling Stone?", and having the band pose unsmiling on the cover of the first UK album.{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/therollingstones/biography |title=The Rolling Stones | Rolling Stone Music | News and Reviews |publisher=Rollingstone.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-06}} According to Wyman: "Our reputation and image as the Bad Boys came later, completely accidentally. Andrew never did engineer it. He simply exploited it exhaustively." In other matters of presentation, Oldham changed the spelling of the band from "The Rollin' Stones" to "The Rolling Stones" and changed the spelling of Richards last name to Richard because it "looked more pop".Bockris 1992. p. 63Oldham 2000. p. 222 Oldham also thought Stewart did not fit his mould, according to Wyman, of "pretty, thin, long-haired boys", and he was removed from band photos and live appearances to become the band's road manager and occasional pianist.Wyman 1990. p. 133Oldham 2000. pp. 222-225 [[File:Stones1960s.jpg|right|thumb|The Rolling Stones in the 1960s. From left: [[Mick Jagger|Jagger]], [[Brian Jones|Jones]], [[Keith Richards|Richards]], [[Bill Wyman|Wyman]] and [[Charlie Watts|Watts]]]] Chuck Berry's "Come On" was the A-side of the Rolling Stones' first single, released on 7 June 1963. The Rolling Stones disliked the recording and refused to play it at live gigs.Bill Wyman, interviewed on the Gary Crowley Show, BBC Radio London, 6th March 2010, and Decca bought only one ad to promote the single. Oldham dispatched fan-club members to buy copies at record shops that were polled by the charts, to prevent the single from doing poorly and prevent Decca from becoming neglectful.Oldham 2000. p. 221 "Come On" rose to #21 on the UK singles charts. {{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Having a charting single gave the band entree to play outside London, starting with a booking at the Outlook Club in Middlesbrough on 13 July, sharing the billing with The Hollies.http://www.picturestockton.co.uk/viewpage.aspx?id=5316 Later in the year Oldham and Easton arranged the band's first big UK concert tour as a supporting act for American stars including [[Bo Diddley]], [[Little Richard]] and [[The Everly Brothers]]. This Autumn 1963 tour became a "training ground" for the young band's stagecraft.Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 68Wyman 2002. pp. 80-83{{cite web |last=Fricke |first=David |title=Blues Brothers |publisher=Rolling Stone |month=April | year=2008 |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/19969845/Blues_Brothers |accessdate=2 April 2008 }} During this tour the Rolling Stones recorded their second single, a [[Lennon/McCartney]]-penned number entitled "[[I Wanna Be Your Man]]"; it reached number 12 in the UK charts. Their third single, [[Buddy Holly]]'s "[[Not Fade Away (song)|Not Fade Away]]", was released in February 1964 and reached number 3. Oldham saw little future for an act that lost significant song writing royalties by playing songs of "middle-aged blacks", limited the appeal to teenage audiences. At Oldham's urging, Jagger and Richards co-wrote songs, the first batch of which he described as "soppy and imitative."Oldham 2000. p. 256-7 Because songwriting developed slowly, songs on the band's first album ''[[The Rolling Stones (album)|The Rolling Stones]]'', (issued in the US as ''[[England's Newest Hit Makers]]'') were primarily covers, with only one [[Jagger/Richards]] original – "[[Tell Me (You're Coming Back)]]" – and two numbers credited to [[Nanker Phelge]], the pen name for songs written by the entire group.Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. p. 84 The Rolling Stones' first US tour, in June 1964, was, in Bill Wyman's words, "a disaster. When we arrived, we didn't have a hit record [there] or anything going for us."Wyman 2002. p. 126 When the band appeared on [[Dean Martin]]'s TV variety show ''The Hollywood Palace'', Martin mocked both their hair and their performance.[http://www.tv.com/host-dean-martin---the-rolling-stones/episode/144861/summary.html "The Hollywood Palace"]''[[TV.com]]''. Retrieved 1 June 2007. During the tour they recorded for two days at [[Chess Records|Chess Studios]] in Chicago, meeting many of their most important influences, including Muddy Waters.Wyman 2002. pp. 128-129Wyman 2002. p. 158 These sessions included what would become the Rolling Stones' first number 1 hit in the UK: their cover of [[Bobby Womack|Bobby and Shirley Womack]]'s "[[It's All Over Now]]".Wyman 2002. p. 137 "The Stones" followed [[James Brown]] in the filmed theatrical release of ''[[The TAMI Show]]'', which showcased American acts with British Invasion artists. According to Jagger in 2003, "We weren't actually following James Brown because there were hours in between the filming of each section. Nevertheless, he was still very annoyed about it..."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 88 On 25 October the band also appeared on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''. Regarding the pandemonium the Rolling Stones caused, Sullivan banned the band from his show,Wyman 2002. p. 154 though he later did book them repeatedly. Their second LP – the US-only ''[[12 X 5]]'' – was released during this tour;{{cite web |last =McPherson |first=Ian |title=The Rolling Stones' Complete Discography |url= http://www.timeisonourside.com/index2.html |accessdate=30 March 2008 }} like their first album, it contained mainly cover tunes, augmented by Jagger/Richards and Nanker Phelge tracks. The Rolling Stones' fifth UK single – a cover of [[Willie Dixon]]'s "[[Little Red Rooster]]" backed by "Off the Hook" (Nanker Phelge) – was released in November 1964 and became their second number-1 hit in the UK – an unprecedented achievement for a blues number. The band's US distributors ([[London Records]]) declined to release "Little Red Rooster" as a single there. In December 1964 London Records released the band's first single with Jagger/Richards originals on both sides: "[[Heart of Stone (Rolling Stones song)|Heart of Stone]]" backed with "What a Shame"; "Heart of Stone" went to number 19 in the US.Wyman 2002. p. 159 === 1965–1969 === [[File:Rolling Stones band 1965.jpg|thumb|The Rolling Stones in 1965 Photo: Kevin Delaney]] The band's second UK LP - ''[[The Rolling Stones No. 2]]'', released in January 1965 - was another number 1 on the album charts; the US version, released in February as ''[[The Rolling Stones, Now!]]'', went to number 5. Most of the material had been recorded at Chess Studios in Chicago and [[RCA Records|RCA Studios]] in Los Angeles.Wyman 2002. pp. 164-165, p. 171 In January/February 1965 the band also toured Australia and New Zealand for the first time, playing 34 shows for about 100,000 fans.Wyman 2002. p. 166 The first Jagger/Richards composition to reach number 1 on the UK singles charts was "[[The Last Time (song)|The Last Time]]" (released in February 1965); it went to number 9 in the US. It was also later identified by Richards as "the bridge to into thinking about writing for The Stones. It gave us a level of confidence; a pathway of how to do it." Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 95 Their first international number-1 hit was "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]", recorded in May 1965 during the band's third North American tour. In recording the guitar riff with the [[fuzzbox]] that drives the song, Richards had envisioned it as a [[studio recording#The process|scratch track]] to guide a horn section. Disagreeing, Oldham released "Satisfaction" without the planned horn overdubs. Issued in the US in June 1965, it spent four weeks at the top of the charts there, establishing the Rolling Stones as a worldwide premier act.Wyman 2002. p. 187 The US version of the LP ''[[Out of Our Heads]]'' (released in July 1965) also went to number 1; it included seven original songs (three Jagger/Richards numbers and four credited to Nanker Phelge).Wyman 2002. p. 195 Their second international number-1 single, "[[Get Off of My Cloud]]" was released in the autumn of 1965, followed by another US-only LP: ''[[December's Children]]''. ''[[Aftermath (Rolling Stones album)|Aftermath]]'' (UK number 1; US 2), released in the late spring of 1966, was the first Rolling Stones album to be composed entirely of Jagger/Richards songs. On this album Jones's contributions expanded beyond guitar and harmonica. To the [[Middle Eastern music|Middle Eastern]]-influenced "[[Paint It Black]]" he added sitar, to the ballad "[[Lady Jane]]" he added [[Appalachian dulcimer|dulcimer]], and to "Under My Thumb" he added [[marimba]]s. ''Aftermath'' was also notable for the almost 12-minute long "[[Goin' Home (The Rolling Stones song)|Goin' Home]]", the first extended jam on a top-selling rock & roll album. The Stones' success on the British and American singles charts peaked during 1966. "[[19th Nervous Breakdown]]" (Feb. 1966, UK number 2, US number 2) was followed by their first trans-Atlantic number-1 hit "Paint It Black" (May 1966). "[[Mother's Little Helper]]" (June 1966) was only released as a single in the US, where it reached number 8; it was one of the first pop songs to address the issue of prescription drug abuse. Notably, Jagger sang the lyric in his natural London accent, rather than his usual affected southern American accent. The September 1966 single "[[Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing In The Shadow?]]" (UK number 5, US number 9) was notable in several respects: It was the first Stones recording to feature brass horns, the (now-famous) back-cover photo on the original US picture sleeve depicted the group satirically dressed in [[Drag (clothing)|drag]], and the song was accompanied by one of the first purpose-made promotional film clips (music videos), directed by [[Peter Whitehead (filmmaker)|Peter Whitehead]]. {{Listen |filename = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Paint_It_Black.ogg |title = "Paint It, Black" |description = Sample of "[[Paint It, Black]]" by the Rolling Stones (1966). Released as a single and as the opening track on the US version of ''[[Aftermath (The Rolling Stones album)|Aftermath]]''. |filename2 = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Satisfaction.ogg |title2 = "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" |description2 = Sample of "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]" by the Rolling Stones (1965). }} January 1967 saw the release of ''[[Between the Buttons]]'' (UK number 3; US 2); the album was Andrew Oldham's last venture as the Rolling Stones' producer (his role as the band's manager had been taken over by [[Allen Klein]] in 1965). The US version included the double A-side single "[[Let's Spend the Night Together]]" and "[[Ruby Tuesday]]", which went to number 1 in America and number 3 in the UK. When the band went to New York to perform the numbers on ''The Ed Sullivan Show'', they were ordered to change the lyrics of the refrain to "let's spend some time together".Wyman 2002. p. 256 Jagger, Richards and Jones began to be hounded by authorities over their recreational drug use in early 1967, after ''[[News of the World]]'' ran a three-part feature entitled "Pop Stars and Drugs: Facts That Will Shock You". The series described alleged [[LSD]] parties hosted by [[The Moody Blues]] and attended by top stars including [[The Who]]'s [[Pete Townshend]] and [[Cream (band)|Cream]]'s [[Ginger Baker]], and alleged admissions of drug use by leading pop musicians. The first article targeted Donovan (who was raided and charged soon after); the second instalment (published on 5 February) targeted the Rolling Stones. A reporter who contributed to the story spent an evening at the exclusive London club [[Blaise's]], where a member of the Rolling Stones allegedly took several [[Benzedrine]] tablets, displayed a piece of [[hashish]] and invited his companions back to his flat for a "smoke". The article claimed that this was Mick Jagger, but it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity—the reporter had in fact been eavesdropping on Brian Jones. On the night the article was published Jagger appeared on the [[Eamonn Andrews]] chat show and announced that he was filing a writ of libel against the paper.Mark Paytress: 'The Rolling Stones: Off The Record' (Omnibus Press, 2003), p.116 A week later on Sunday 12 February, Sussex police (tipped off by the ''[[News of the World]]'') raided a party at Keith Richards's home, Redlands. No arrests were made at the time but Jagger, Richards and their friend [[Robert Fraser]] (an art dealer) were subsequently charged with drug offences. Richards said in 2003, "When we got busted at Redlands, it suddenly made us realise that this was a whole different ball game and that was when the fun stopped. Up until then it had been as though London existed in a beautiful space where you could do anything you wanted."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 112 In March, while awaiting the consequences of the police raid, Jagger, Richards and Jones took a short trip to [[Morocco]], accompanied by [[Marianne Faithfull]], Jones's girlfriend [[Anita Pallenberg]] and other friends. During this trip the stormy relations between Jones and Pallenberg deteriorated to the point that Pallenberg left Morocco with Richards.Wyman 2002. pp. 264-265 Richards said later: "That was the final nail in the coffin with me and Brian. He'd never forgive me for that and I don't blame him, but hell, shit happens."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 113 Richards and Pallenberg would remain a couple for twelve years. Despite these complications, the Rolling Stones toured Europe in March and April 1967. The tour included the band's first performances in Poland, Greece and Italy.Wyman 2002. p. 268 On 10 May 1967—the same day Jagger, Richards and Fraser were arraigned in connection with the Redlands charges—Brian Jones's house was raided by police and he was arrested and charged with possession of [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]. Three out of five Rolling Stones now faced criminal charges. Jagger and Richards were tried at the end of June. On 29 June Jagger was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for possession of four [[amphetamine]] tablets; Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property and sentenced to one year in prison.{{cite book |last=Booth |first=Stanley |title=The True Adventures of The Rolling Stones (2nd edition) |publisher= A Capella Books |year=2000 |id=ISBN 1-55652-400-5 |page=276}} Both Jagger and Richards were imprisoned at that point, but were released on bail the next day pending appeal.Wyman 2002. pp. 278-282 ''[[The Times]]'' ran the famous editorial entitled "[[Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?|Who breaks a butterfly on a wheel?]]" in which editor [[William Rees-Mogg]] was strongly critical of the sentencing, pointing out that Jagger had been treated far more harshly for a minor first offence than "any purely anonymous young man". While awaiting the appeal hearings, the band recorded a new single, "[[We Love You]]", as a thank-you for the loyalty shown by their fans. It began with the sound of prison doors closing, and the accompanying music video included allusions to the trial of [[Oscar Wilde]].Janovitz, Bill. [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=33:3cftxbwaldje The Rolling Stones "We Love You"]. ''allmusic''. 2007 . Retrieved 1 June 2007. On 31 July, the appeals court overturned Richards's conviction, and Jagger's sentence was reduced to a [[conditional discharge]].Wyman 2002. p. 286 Brian Jones's trial took place in November 1967; in December, after appealing the original prison sentence, Jones was fined £1000, put on three years' probation and ordered to seek professional help.Wyman 2002. pp. 292-293, p. 299 December 1967 also saw the release of ''[[Their Satanic Majesties Request]]'' (UK number 3; US 2), released shortly after The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''. ''Satanic Majesties'' had been recorded in difficult circumstances while Jagger, Richards and Jones were dealing with their court cases. The band parted ways with producer Andrew Oldham during the sessions. The split was amicable, at least publicly,Wyman 2002. p. 290 but in 2003 Jagger said: "The reason Andrew left was because he thought that we weren't concentrating and that we were being childish. It was not a great moment really - and I would have thought it wasn't a great moment for Andrew either. There were a lot of distractions and you always need someone to focus you at that point, that was Andrew's job." ''Satanic Majesties'' thus became the first album the Rolling Stones produced on their own. It was also the first of their albums released in identical versions on both sides of the Atlantic. Its [[psychedelia|psychedelic]] sound was complemented by the cover art, which featured a 3D photo by [[Michael Cooper (photographer)|Michael Cooper]], who had also photographed the cover of ''Sgt. Pepper''. Bill Wyman wrote and sang a track on the album: "[[In Another Land]]", which was also released as a single, the first on which Jagger did not sing lead vocal.Wyman 2002. pp. 296-298 The band spent the first few months of 1968 working on material for their next album. Those sessions resulted in the song "[[Jumpin' Jack Flash]]", released as a single in May. The song and the subsequent album, ''[[Beggars Banquet]]'' (UK number 3; US 5), an eclectic mix of country and blues-inspired tunes, marked the band's return to their roots, and the beginning of their collaboration with producer [[Jimmy Miller (producer)|Jimmy Miller]]. Featuring the lead single "[[Street Fighting Man]]" (which addressed the political upheavals of May 1968) and the opening track "[[Sympathy for the Devil]]", ''Beggars Banquet'' was well received at the time of release. Richards said, "There is a change between material on ''Satanic Majesties'' and ''Beggars Banquet''. I'd grown sick to death of the whole Maharishi guru shit and the beads and bells. Who knows where these things come from, but I guess [the music] was a reaction to what we'd done in our time off and also that severe dose of reality. A spell in prison... will certainly give you room for thought... I was fucking pissed with being busted. So it was, 'Right we'll go and strip this thing down.' There's a lot of anger in the music from that period."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 114 Richards started using [[open tuning]]s for rhythm parts (often in conjunction with a [[capo]]), most prominently an open-E or open-D tuning in 1968. Beginning in 1969, he often used 5-string open-G tuning (with the lower 6th string removed), as heard on the 1969 single "[[Honky Tonk Women]]", "[[Brown Sugar (song)|Brown Sugar]]" (''[[Sticky Fingers]]'', 1971), "[[Tumbling Dice]]"(capo IV), "[[Happy (Rolling Stones song)|Happy]]"(capo IV) (''[[Exile on Main St.]]'', 1972), and "[[Start Me Up]]" (''[[Tattoo You]]'', 1981). The end of 1968 saw the filming of ''[[The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus]]''. It featured [[John Lennon]], [[Yoko Ono]], [[The Dirty Mac]], [[The Who]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[Marianne Faithfull]] and [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]]. The footage was shelved for twenty-eight years but was finally released officially in 1996. By the release of ''Beggars Banquet'', Brian Jones was increasingly troubled and was only sporadically contributing to the band. Jagger said that Jones was "not psychologically suited to this way of life".Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 128 His drug use had become a hindrance, and he was unable to obtain a US [[visa (document)|visa]]. Richards reported that, in a June meeting with Jagger, Richards, and Watts at Jones's house, Jones admitted that he was unable to "go on the road again". According to Richards, all agreed to let Jones "...say I've left, and if I want to I can come back". His replacement was the 20-year-old guitarist [[Mick Taylor]], of [[John Mayall|John Mayall's Bluesbreakers]], who started recording with the band immediately. On 3 July 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned in the swimming pool at his Cotchford Farm home in [[Sussex]]. [[File:Keith-Richards and guitar.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Richards on stage in 1972]] The Rolling Stones were scheduled to play at a free concert in London's [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] two days after Brian Jones's death; they decided to proceed with the show as a tribute to Jones. The concert, their first with Mick Taylor, was performed in front of an estimated 250,000 fans. The performance was filmed by a [[Granada Television]] production team, and was shown on British television as ''Stones in the Park''. Jagger read an excerpt from [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]'s elegy ''[[Adonais]]'' and released thousands of butterflies in memory of Jones. The show included the concert debut of "[[Honky Tonk Women]]", which the band had just released. Their stage manager [[Sam Cutler]] introduced them as "the greatest rock & roll band in the world"{{cite video |people=The Rolling Stones |title=The Stones in the Park |medium= DVD released 2006 |publisher = Network Studios |date=1969 }} - a description he repeated throughout their [[The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969|1969 US tour]], and which has stuck to this day. {{Listen |filename = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Gimme_Shelter.ogg |title = "Gimmie Shelter" |description = Sample of "[[Gimmie Shelter]]" by the Rolling Stones, from ''[[Let It Bleed]]'' (1969) |filename2 = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Brown_Sugar.ogg |title2 = "Brown Sugar" |description2 = Sample of "[[Brown Sugar (song)|Brown Sugar]]" by the Rolling Stones, from ''[[Sticky Fingers]]'' (1971) }} The release of ''[[Let It Bleed]]'' (UK number 1; US 3) came in December. Their last album of the sixties, ''Let It Bleed'' featured "[[Gimmie Shelter]]" (with backing vocals by female vocalist [[Merry Clayton]]), "[[You Can't Always Get What You Want]]", "[[Midnight Rambler]]", as well as a cover of [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]]'s "[[Love in Vain]]". Jones and Taylor are featured on two tracks each. Many of these numbers were played during the band's US tour in November 1969, their first in three years. Just after the tour the band performed at the [[Altamont Free Concert]] at the [[Altamont Speedway]], about 60 km east of [[San Francisco]]. The biker gang [[Hells Angels]] provided security, and a fan, [[Meredith Hunter]], was stabbed and beaten to death by the Angels after they realised that he was armed.Burks, John, [http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/_/id/5934386 "Rock & Roll's Worst Day: The aftermath of Altamont"], ''Rolling Stone'', 7 February 1970, URL retrieved 18 April 2007 Part of the tour and the Altamont concert were documented in [[Albert and David Maysles]]' film ''[[Gimme Shelter (documentary)|Gimme Shelter]]''. As a response to the growing popularity of [[bootleg recording]]s, the album ''[[Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert|Get Yer Ya-Yas Out!]]'' (UK 1; US 6) was released in 1970; it was declared by critic [[Lester Bangs]] to be the best live album ever.Bangs, Lester. [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/therollingstones/albums/album/238845/review/6067337/get_yer_yayas_out "The Rolling Stones: Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out"]. ''Rolling Stone''. 12 November 1970 . Retrieved 28 April 2007. === 1970–1974 === At the turn of the decade the band appeared on the BBC's highly rated review of the sixties music scene [[Pop Go The Sixties]], performing ''Gimme Shelter'' on the show, which was broadcast live on 1 January 1970. Later in 1970 the band's contracts with both [[Allen Klein]] and [[Decca Records]] ended, and amid contractual disputes with Klein, they formed their own record company, [[Rolling Stones Records]]. ''[[Sticky Fingers]]'' (UK number 1; US 1), released in March 1971, the band's first album on their own label, featured an elaborate cover design by [[Andy Warhol]]. The album contains one of their best known hits, "[[Brown Sugar (song)|Brown Sugar]]", and the [[country music|country]]-influenced "[[Wild Horses (The Rolling Stones song)|Wild Horses]]". Both were recorded at [[Alabama]]'s [[Muscle Shoals Sound Studio]] during the 1969 American tour. The album continued the band's immersion into heavily blues-influenced compositions. The album is noted for its "loose, ramshackle ambience"[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Abe3ibkj96akc "Sticky Fingers"] ''[[allmusic]]''. Retrieved 30 August 2007. and marked Mick Taylor's first full release with the band. [[File:Mick Taylor2.jpg|thumb|left|Mick Taylor in 1972]] Following the release of ''Sticky Fingers'', the Rolling Stones left England after receiving financial advice. The band moved to the South of France, where Richards rented the [[Nellcôte|Villa Nellcôte]] and sublet rooms to band members and entourage. Using the [[Rolling Stones Mobile Studio]], they held recording sessions in the basement; they completed the resulting tracks, along with material dating as far back as 1969, at Sunset Studios in Los Angeles. The resulting [[double album]], ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' (UK number 1; US 1), was released in May 1972. Given an A+ grade by critic Robert Christgau[http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=rolling+stones "Reviews - The Rolling Stones"] ''[[Robert Christgau]]''. Retrieved 30 August 2007. and disparaged by Lester Bangs—who reversed his opinion within months -- ''Exile'' is now accepted as one of the Stones' best albums.[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A4kq4g40ttv6z "Exile on Main St."] ''AMG'', 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007. The films ''[[Cocksucker Blues]]'' (never officially released) and ''[[Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones]]'' (released in 1974) document the subsequent highly publicised [[The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972|1972 North American ("STP") Tour]], with its retinue of [[jet set|jet-set]] hangers-on, including writer [[Terry Southern]]. In November 1972, the band began sessions in [[Kingston, Jamaica]], for their follow-up to ''Exile'', ''[[Goats Head Soup]]'' (UK 1; US 1) (1973). The album spawned the worldwide hit "[[Angie (song)|Angie]]", but proved the first in a string of commercially successful but tepidly received studio albums.Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:rz6atr79kl6x The Rolling Stones "Goats Head Soup"]. ''allmusic''. 2007 . Retrieved 17 June 2007. The sessions for ''Goats Head Soup'' led to a number of outtakes, most notably an early version of the popular ballad "[[Waiting on a Friend]]", not released until ''[[Tattoo You]]'' eight years later. The making of the record was interrupted by another legal battle over drugs, dating back to their stay in France; a warrant for Richards's arrest had been issued, and the other band members had to return briefly to France for questioning.Wyman 2002. p. 408 This, along with Jagger's convictions on drug charges (in 1967 and 1970Wyman 2002. p. 361), complicated the band's plans for their [[The Rolling Stones Pacific Tour 1973|Pacific tour]] in early 1973: they were denied permission to play in Japan and almost banned from Australia. This was followed by a [[The Rolling Stones European Tour 1973|European tour]] (bypassing France) in September/October 1973 - prior to which Richards had been arrested once more on drug charges, this time in England.Wyman 2002. p. 412 The band went to Musicland studios in [[Munich]] to record their next album, 1974's ''[[It's Only Rock 'n' Roll]]'' (UK 2; US 1), but [[Jimmy Miller]], who had drug abuse issues, was no longer producer. Instead, Jagger and Richards assumed production duties and were credited as "[[Jagger/Richards|the Glimmer Twins]]". Both the album and [[It's Only Rock 'n' Roll (But I Like It)|the single of the same name]] were hits. Near the end of 1974, Taylor began to lose patience.[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:jifpxqr5ldse~T1 "Mick Taylor Biography"] ''[[allmusic]]''. Retrieved 25 June 2007. The band's situation made normal functioning complicated, with band members living in different countries and legal barriers restricting where they could tour. In addition, drug use was affecting Richards's creativity and productivity, and Taylor felt some of his own creative contributions were going unrecognised.{{cite web |last=James |first=Gary |title=Gary James' Interview With Mick Taylor of the Rolling Stones |url=http://www.classicbands.com/MickTaylorInterview.html |accessdate=21 February 2008 }} At the end of 1974, with a recording session already booked in Munich to record another album, Taylor quit the Rolling Stones.[http://www.micktaylor.net/why_mick_taylor_quit_the_stones.html Smith, Curtis. "Why Mick Taylor Quit the Stones"] ''micktaylor.net''. Retrieved 25 June 2007. Taylor said in 1980, "I was getting a bit fed up. I wanted to broaden my scope as a guitarist and do something else... I wasn't really composing songs or writing at that time. I was just beginning to write, and that influenced my decision... There are some people who can just ride along from crest to crest; they can ride along somebody else's success. And there are some people for whom that's not enough. It really wasn't enough for me."Obrecht, Jas: "Mick Taylor: Ex-Rolling Stones On His Own", page 20. Guitar World, February 1980 === 1975–1982 === [[File:Mick Jagger and Ron Wood - Rolling Stones - 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|Ronnie Wood (left) and Mick Jagger (right) 1975]] The Rolling Stones used the recording sessions in Munich to audition replacements for Taylor. Guitarists as stylistically disparate as [[Humble Pie]] lead [[Peter Frampton]] and ex-[[The Yardbirds|Yardbirds]] virtuoso [[Jeff Beck]] were auditioned (although Beck later claimed that he had played with the band without realising that they were looking to hire him, and would never have agreed to join). [[Rory Gallagher]] and [[Shuggie Otis]] also dropped by the Munich sessions. American session players [[Wayne Perkins]] and [[Harvey Mandel]] also appeared on much of the next album, ''[[Black and Blue]]'' (UK 2; US 1) (1976). Yet Richards and Jagger also wanted the Rolling Stones to remain purely a British band. When Ronnie Wood auditioned, everyone agreed that he was the right choice.Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. p. 174. Wood had already recorded and played live with Richards, and had contributed to the recording and writing of the track "It's Only Rock 'n Roll". Though he had earlier declined Jagger's offer to join the Stones, because of his ties to [[The Faces]], Wood committed to the Rolling Stones in 1975 for their upcoming Tour of the Americas. He officially joined the band the following year, as the Faces dissolved. Unlike the other band members, however, Wood was a salaried employee and remained so until Wyman's departure nearly two decades later, when Wood finally became a full member of the Rolling Stones' partnership. The 1975 [[Rolling Stones Tour of the Americas '75|Tour of the Americas]] kicked off in New York City with the band performing on a flatbed trailer being pulled down [[Broadway (New York City)|Broadway]]. The tour featured stage props including a giant [[phallus]] and a rope on which Jagger swung out over the audience. [[File:ElMacomboSpadinaAveToronto.JPG|thumb|left|Toronto's [[El Mocambo]] Club where part of ''[[Love You Live]]'' was recorded.]] Jagger had booked live recording sessions at the [[El Mocambo]] club in Toronto to balance a long-overdue live album, 1977's ''[[Love You Live]]'' (UK 3; US 5), the first Stones live album since 1970's ''[[Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert]]''. Richards's addiction to heroin delayed his arrival in Toronto; the other members had already assembled, awaiting Richards, and sent him a telegram asking him where he was. On 24 February 1977, when Richards and his family flew in from London, they were temporarily detained by [[Canada Customs]] after Richards was found in possession of a burnt spoon and hash residue. Three days later, the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], armed with an arrest warrant for Pallenberg, discovered "22 grams of heroin"Greenspan, Edward (editor), ''Regina'' v. ''Richards'' 49 C.C.C. (2d), ''Canadian Criminal Cases'' (1980), Canada Law Book. p. 518 in Richards's room. Richards was charged with importing narcotics into Canada, an offence that carried a minimum seven-year sentence.Sandford, Christopher. ''Keith Richards: Satisfaction'', Caroll & Graf: New York, 2003, p. 225 Later the Crown prosecutor conceded that Richards had procured the drugs after arrival.Greenspan, Edward (editor), ''Regina'' v. ''Richards'' 49 C.C.C. (2d), ''Canadian Criminal Cases'' (1980), Canada Law Book. p. 517–27 Despite the arrest, the band played two shows in Toronto, only to raise more controversy when [[Margaret Trudeau]], then-wife of Canadian [[Prime Minister]] [[Pierre Trudeau]], was seen partying with the band after one show. The band's two shows were not advertised to the public. Instead, the [[El Mocambo]] had been booked for the entire week by [[April Wine]] for a recording session. [[CHUM (AM)|1050 CHUM]], a local radio station, ran a contest for free tickets to see April Wine. Contest winners who selected tickets for Friday or Saturday night were surprised to find the Rolling Stones playing. On 4 March, Richards's partner [[Anita Pallenberg]] pled guilty to drug possession and incurred a fine in connection with the original airport incident.Sandford, Christopher. ''Keith Richards: Satisfaction'', Caroll & Graf: New York, 2003, p. 227 The drug case against Richards dragged on for over a year. Ultimately, Richards received a [[suspended sentence]] and was ordered to play two free concerts for the [[CNIB]] in [[Oshawa]]; both shows featured the Rolling Stones and [[The New Barbarians (band)|The New Barbarians]], a group that Wood had put together to promote his latest solo album, and which Richards also joined. This episode strengthened Richards's resolve to stop using heroin. It also contributed to the end of his relationship with Pallenberg, which had become strained since the death of their third child (an infant son named Tara). In addition, Pallenberg was unable to curb her heroin addiction while Keith struggled to get clean.Sandford, Christopher. ''Keith Richards: Satisfaction'', Caroll & Graf: New York, 2003, p. 232-3, 248-250 While Richards was settling his legal and personal problems, Jagger continued his jet-set lifestyle. He was a regular at New York's [[Studio 54]] disco club, often in the company of model [[Jerry Hall]]. His marriage to [[Bianca Jagger]] ended in 1978, although they had long been estranged.{{Cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1400291/Seventies-and-Eighties.html | title = Seventies and Eighties | newspaper = Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 August 2003 | accessdate = 2 August 2010}} [[File:Jagger with the mic.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Jagger on stage, with the Rolling Stones on American tour]] Although the Rolling Stones remained popular through the first half of the 1970s, music critics had grown increasingly dismissive of the band's output, and record sales failed to meet expectations. By the late 70s, after [[punk rock]] became influential, many criticised the Rolling Stones as decadent, aging millionaires and their music as stagnant or irrelevant.{{cite web| last = Erlewine| first = Stephen Thomas| title = Some Girls| work = AMG| publisher = allmusic | url = http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:d9fpxqt5ldfe| accessdate = 1 June 2006}} This changed in 1978, after the band released ''[[Some Girls]]'' (UK #2; US #1), which included the hit single "[[Miss You (The Rolling Stones song)|Miss You]]", the country ballad "[[Far Away Eyes]]", "[[Beast of Burden (song)|Beast of Burden]]", and "[[Shattered (song)|Shattered]]". In part as a response to punk, many songs were fast, basic, guitar-driven rock and roll, and the album's success re-established the Rolling Stones' immense popularity among young people. Following the [[Rolling Stones US Tour 1978|US Tour 1978]], the band guested on the first show of the fourth season of the TV series "Saturday Night Live". The group did not tour Europe the following year, breaking the routine of touring Europe every three years that the band had followed since 1967. Following the success of ''Some Girls'', the band released their next album ''[[Emotional Rescue]]'' (UK 1; US 1) in mid-1980. The recording of the album was reportedly plagued by turmoil, with Jagger and Richards' relationship reaching a new low. Richards, though still using heroin according to keyboardist Ian Mclagan,{{cite book |last= McLagan|first= Ian |title= All the Rage: A Riotous Romp Through Rock and Roll History|year= 2000|publisher= St. Martin's Press|isbn= ISBN 0-8230-7842-6, 9780823078424}} began to assert more control in the studio — more than Jagger had become used to — and a struggle ensued as Richards felt he was fighting for "his half of the Glimmer Twins."{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} ''Emotional Rescue'' hit the top of the charts on both sides of the Atlantic and the title track reached #3 in the US. In early 1981, the group reconvened and decided to tour the US that year, leaving little time to write and record a new album, as well as rehearse for the tour. That year's resulting album, ''[[Tattoo You]]'' (UK 2; US 1) featured a number of outtakes, including lead single "[[Start Me Up]]", which reached #2 in the US and ranked #22 on Billboard's Hot 100 year-end chart. Two songs ("[[Waiting on a Friend]]" (US #13) and "Tops") featured Mick Taylor's guitar playing, while jazz saxophonist [[Sonny Rollins]] played on "[[Slave (song)|Slave]]" and dubbed a part on "Waiting on a Friend". The Rolling Stones scored one more Top Twenty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, the #20 hit "[[Hang Fire]]". The Stones' [[Rolling Stones American Tour 1981|American Tour 1981]] was their biggest, longest and most colourful production to date, with the band playing from 25 September through 19 December. It was the highest grossing tour of that year. Some shows were recorded, resulting in the 1982 live album ''[[Still Life (American Concert 1981)]]'' (UK 4; US 5), and the 1983 [[Hal Ashby]] concert film ''Let's Spend the Night Together'', which was filmed at Sun Devil Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona and the Brendan Byrne Arena in the Meadowlands, New Jersey. In mid-1982, to commemorate their 20th anniversary, the Rolling Stones took their American stage show to Europe. The [[Rolling Stones European Tour 1982|European Tour 1982]] was their first European tour in six years. The tour was essentially a carbon copy of the 1981 American tour. For the tour, the band were joined by former [[Allman Brothers Band]] piano player [[Chuck Leavell]], who continues to play and record with the Stones. By the end of the year, the band had signed a new four-album, 28 million dollar recording deal with a new label, [[Columbia Records|CBS Records]]. === 1983–1991 === Before leaving Atlantic, the Rolling Stones released ''[[Undercover (album)|Undercover]]'' (UK 3; US 4) in late 1983. Despite good reviews and the Top Ten peak position of the title track, the record sold below expectations and there was no tour to support it. Subsequently the Stones' new marketer/distributor CBS Records took over distributing the Stones' Atlantic catalogue. By this time, the Jagger/Richards split was growing. Much to the consternation of Richards, Jagger had signed a solo deal with CBS Records, and he spent much of 1984 writing songs for this first solo effort. He has also stated that he was feeling stultified within the framework of the Rolling Stones.{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25x5_–_The_Continuing_Adventures_of_the_Rolling_Stones} By 1985, Jagger was spending more time on solo recordings, and much of the material on 1986's ''[[Dirty Work (album)|Dirty Work]]'' (UK #4; US #4) was generated by Keith Richards, with more contributions by Ron Wood than on previous Rolling Stones albums. Rumours surfaced that Jagger and Richards were rarely, if ever, in the studio at the same time, leaving Richards to keep the recording sessions moving forward.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} In December 1985, the band's co-founder, pianist, road manager and long-time friend [[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]] died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]. The Rolling Stones played a private tribute concert for him at London's [[100 Club]] in February 1986, two days before they were presented with a [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]]. ''Dirty Work'' was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews despite the presence of the US Top Five hit "[[Harlem Shuffle]]"; Jagger refused to tour to promote the album, stating later that several band members were in no condition to tour.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} Richards was infuriated when Jagger instead undertook his own solo tour which included Rolling Stones songs. He has referred to this period in his relations with Jagger as "World War III".Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 247 Jagger's solo records, ''[[She's The Boss]]'' (UK 6; US 13) (1985) and ''[[Primitive Cool]]'' (UK 26; US 41) (1987), met with moderate success, although Richards disparaged both.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} Many believed the group would disband. In 1988, with the Rolling Stones inactive, Richards released his first solo album, ''[[Talk Is Cheap]]'' (UK 37; US 24). It was well received by fans and critics, going gold in the US. In early 1989, the Rolling Stones, including Mick Taylor, Ronnie Wood and Ian Stewart (posthumously), were inducted into the American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]. Jagger and Richards set aside animosities and went to work on a new Rolling Stones album that would be called ''[[Steel Wheels]]'' (UK 2; US 3). Heralded as a return to form, it included the singles "[[Mixed Emotions (song)|Mixed Emotions]]" (US #5), "[[Rock and a Hard Place (song)|Rock and a Hard Place]]" (US #23) and "[[Almost Hear You Sigh]]". It also included "Continental Drift", which was recorded in Tangier in 1989 with [[The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar]] coordinated by Tony King and Cherie Nutting.A BBC film was made entitled "The Rolling Stones in Morocco produced by Nigil Finch. The subsequent [[Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour]]s, encompassing North America, Japan and Europe, saw the Rolling Stones touring for the first time in seven years (since Europe 1982), and it was their biggest stage production to date. Opening acts included [[Living Colour]] and [[Guns N' Roses]]; the onstage personnel included a [[horn section]] and backup singers [[Lisa Fischer]] and [[Bernard Fowler]], both of whom continue to tour regularly with the Rolling Stones. Recordings from the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle tours produced the 1991 concert album ''[[Flashpoint (album)|Flashpoint]]'' (UK 6; US 16), which also included two studio tracks recorded in 1991: the single "[[Highwire (song)|Highwire]]" and "Sex Drive". These were the last Rolling Stones tours for Bill Wyman, who left the band after years of deliberation, although his retirement was not made official until December 1992.{{cite web |last =McPherson |first=Ian |title=The Rolling Stones Chronicle: 1992 |url= http://www.timeisonourside.com/chron1992.html |accessdate=14 July 2009 }} He then published ''Stone Alone'', an autobiography based on scrapbooks and diaries he had been keeping since the band's early days. A few years later he formed [[Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings]] and began recording and touring again. === 1992–2004 === After the successes of the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle tours, the band took a break. Charlie Watts released two jazz albums; Ronnie Wood made his fifth solo album, the first in 11 years, called ''[[Slide On This]]''; Keith Richards released his second solo album in late 1992, ''[[Main Offender]]'' (UK 45; US 99), and did a small tour including big concerts in Spain and Argentina. Mick Jagger got good reviews and sales with his third solo album, ''[[Wandering Spirit (album)|Wandering Spirit]]'' (UK 12; US 11). The album sold more than two million copies worldwide, going gold in the US. After Wyman's departure, the Rolling Stones' new distributor/record label, [[Virgin Records]], remastered and repackaged the band's back catalogue from ''Sticky Fingers'' to ''Steel Wheels'', except for the three live albums, and issued another hits compilation in 1993 entitled ''[[Jump Back: The Best of The Rolling Stones|Jump Back]]'' (UK 16; US 30). By 1993 the Rolling Stones set upon their next studio album. [[Darryl Jones]], former [[sideman]] of [[Miles Davis]] and [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], was chosen by Charlie Watts as Wyman's replacement for 1994's ''[[Voodoo Lounge]]'' (UK 1; US 2). The album met strong reviews and sales, going double platinum in the US. Reviewers took note of the album's "traditionalist" sounds, which were credited to the Rolling Stones' new producer [[Don Was]].[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:hifwxqqhldje "Voodoo Lounge"] ''AMG'', 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007. It would go on to win the 1995 [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Album]]. 1994 also brought the accompanying [[Voodoo Lounge Tour]], which lasted into 1995. Numbers from various concerts and rehearsals (mostly [[acoustic guitar|acoustic]]) made up ''[[Stripped (Rolling Stones album)|Stripped]]'' (UK 9; US 9), which featured a cover of [[Bob Dylan]]'s "[[Like A Rolling Stone]]", as well as infrequently played songs like "[[Shine a Light (song)|Shine a Light]]", "Sweet Virginia" and "[[The Spider and the Fly (song)|The Spider and the Fly]]". The Rolling Stones were the first major recording artists to broadcast a concert over the [[Internet]]; a 20-minute video was broadcast on November 18, 1994 using the [[Mbone]] at 10 frames per second. The broadcast, engineered by [[Thinking Pictures]] and financed by [[Sun Microsystems]], was one of the first demonstrations of [[streaming video]]; while it was not a true [[webcast]], it introduced many to the technology.[http://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/22/arts/rolling-stones-live-on-internet-both-a-big-deal-and-a-little-deal.html?pagewanted=all Rolling Stones Live on Internet: Both a Big Deal and a Little Deal]. [[The New York Times]], November 22, 1994. [[File:Keith Richards Hannover 2006.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Keith Richards in Hannover, 2006, during the [[A Bigger Bang|''A Bigger Bang Tour'']]]] The Rolling Stones ended the 1990s with the album ''[[Bridges To Babylon]]'' (UK 6; US 3), released in 1997 to mixed reviews. The video of the single "[[Anybody Seen My Baby?]]" featured [[Angelina Jolie]] as guest and met steady rotation on both MTV and VH1. Sales were reasonably equivalent to those of previous records (about 1.2 million copies sold in the US), and the subsequent [[Bridges to Babylon Tour]], which crossed Europe, North America and other destinations, proved the band to be a strong live attraction. Once again, a live album was culled from the tour, ''[[No Security]]'' (UK 67; US 34), only this time all but two songs ("[[Live With Me]]" and "The Last Time") were previously unreleased on live albums. In 1999, the Rolling Stones staged the [[No Security Tour]] in the US and continued the Bridges to Babylon tour in Europe. The No Security Tour offered a stripped-down production in contrast to the pyrotechnics and mammoth stages of other recent tours. In late 2001, Mick Jagger released his fourth solo album, ''[[Goddess in the Doorway]]'' (UK 44; US 39) which met with mixed reviews.{{cite web|author=Nigel Williamson |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1099640,00.html |title=Alive and kicking |publisher=Arts.guardian.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-09-06}} Jagger and Richards took part in "[[The Concert for New York City]]", performing "[[Salt of the Earth (song)|Salt of the Earth]]" and "Miss You" with a backing band. In 2002, the band released ''[[Forty Licks]]'' (UK 2; US 2), a greatest hits double album, to mark their forty years as a band. The collection contained four new songs recorded with the latter-day core band of Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood, Leavell and Jones. The album has sold more than 7 million copies worldwide. The same year, [[Q (magazine)|''Q'' magazine]] named the Rolling Stones as one of the "50 Bands To See Before You Die",[http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/qlistspage2.html#Die… "Q - 50 Bands You Must See Before You Die"] ''rocklist.neyt'', September 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007. and the 2002-2003 [[Licks Tour]] gave people that chance. The tour included shows in small theatres, arenas and stadiums. The band headlined the [[Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto]] concert in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to help the city — which they have used for rehearsals since the Steel Wheels tour — recover from the 2003 [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS]] epidemic. The concert was attended by an estimated 490,000 people. [[File:The Rolling Stones Tongue Logo.png|thumb|Much of the band's merchandise bears The Rolling Stones' "Tongue and Lip Design" logo
The logo was designed by [[John Pasche]], and first appeared on the 1971 ''[[Sticky Fingers]]'' album.]]On 9 November 2003, the band played their first concert in Hong Kong as part of the [[Harbour Fest]] celebration, also in support of the SARS-affected economy. In November 2003, the band exclusively licensed the right to sell their new four-DVD boxed set, ''[[Four Flicks]]'', recorded on the band's most recent world tour, to the US [[Best Buy]] chain of stores. In response, some Canadian and US music retail chains (including [[HMV]] Canada and [[Circuit City (1949–2009 company)|Circuit City]]) pulled Rolling Stones CDs and related merchandise from their shelves and replaced them with signs explaining the situation.[http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/03/stones.reut/index.html "Some US retailers join Stones boycott"] ''CNN'', November 2003. Retrieved 14 June 2007. In 2004, a double live album of the Licks Tour, ''[[Live Licks]]'' (UK 38; US 50), was released, going gold in the US. === 2005–present === On 26 July 2005, Jagger's birthday, the band announced the name of their new album, ''[[A Bigger Bang]]'' (UK 2; US 3), their first album in almost eight years. ''A Bigger Bang'' was released on 6 September to strong reviews, including a glowing write-up in ''Rolling Stone'' magazine.[http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/7590942/a_bigger_bang "A Bigger Bang: Review"] ''Rolling Stone'', 22 September 2005. Retrieved 14 June 2007. The single "[[Streets of Love]]" reached the Top 15 in UK and Europe. The album included the political "[[Sweet Neo Con]]", a criticism of [[Neoconservatism in the United States|American Neoconservatism]] from Jagger.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4137698.stm "Stones 'slate Bush' in album song"] ''BBC News'', 2005. Retrieved 16 October 2007. The song was reportedly almost dropped from the album because of objections from Richards. When asked if he was afraid of political backlash such as the [[Dixie Chicks]] had endured for criticism of American involvement in the war in Iraq, Richards responded that the album came first, and that, "I don't want to be sidetracked by some little political 'storm in a teacup'."[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE9-VP2zFpg] ''CNN News'', 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2007. The subsequent [[A Bigger Bang Tour]] began in August 2005, and visited North America, South America and East Asia. In February 2006, the group played the half-time show of [[Super Bowl XL]] in Detroit, Michigan. By the end of 2005, the Bigger Bang tour set a record of $162 million in gross receipts, breaking the North American mark also set by the Rolling Stones 1994. On 18 February 2006 the band played a free concert with a claimed 1.5 million attendance at the [[Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro)|Copacabana]] beach in [[Rio de Janeiro]]. [[File:Wood&Jagger.jpg|thumb|left|Ron Wood and Mick Jagger onstage with the Rolling Stones in Vienna, 2006]] After performances in Japan, China, Australia and New Zealand in March/April 2006, the Rolling Stones tour took a scheduled break before proceeding to Europe; during this break Keith Richards was hospitalised in New Zealand for cranial surgery after a fall from a tree on [[Fiji]], where he had been on holiday. The incident led to a six-week delay in launching the European leg of the tour.[http://www.uncut.co.uk/music/the_rolling_stones/special_features/8779 "Keith Richards and the Fiji fall: The mystery deepens"] ''Uncut''. Retrieved 5 October 2007.{{cite web |title=Kiwi Doctor Rolls with the Stones |publisher=Sunday Star Times |date=10 February 2008 |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4395738a1860.html |accessdate=5 March 2008}} In June 2006 it was reported that Ronnie Wood was continuing his programme of rehabilitation for alcohol abuse,{{cite news | author=DPA | title=After the tree... it's rehab | publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2006/06/14/1149964607303.html | date=14 June 2006 | accessdate=17 May 2007}}{{cite web |author=Larkin, Adrian |title=Rolling Stones gig latest |publisher=BBC 6 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/20060620_stones.shtml | date=20 June 2006 |accessdate=18 May 2007}} but this did not affect the rearranged European tour schedule. Two out of the 21 shows scheduled for July-September 2006 were later cancelled due to Mick Jagger's throat problems.{{cite web |title=The Rolling Stones Europe 2006|publisher=The Rolling Stones Fan Club of Europe |url=http://www.iorr.org/tour05/tour06.htm }} The Rolling Stones returned to North America for concerts in September 2006, and returned to Europe on 5 June 2007. By November 2006, the Bigger Bang tour had been declared the highest-grossing tour of all time, earning $437 million. The North American leg brought in the third-highest receipts ever ($138.5 million), trailing their own 2005 tour ($162 million) and the [[U2]] tour of that same year ($138.9 million).[http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7005631070 "Stones Roll Over U2 To Claim Highest Grossing Concert Tour"] ''All Headline News'', 29 November 2006 On 29 October and 1 November 2006, director [[Martin Scorsese]] filmed the Rolling Stones performing at New York City's [[Beacon Theatre (New York City)|Beacon Theatre]], in front of an audience that included [[Bill Clinton|Bill]] and [[Hillary Clinton]], released as the 2008 film ''[[Shine a Light (film)|Shine a Light]]''; the film also features guest appearances by [[Buddy Guy]], [[Jack White (musician)|Jack White]] and [[Christina Aguilera]].[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0893382/ "Shine A Light"]''[[Internet Movie Database]]'', 16 January 2007 An accompanying soundtrack, also titled ''[[Shine a Light (The Rolling Stones album)|Shine a Light]]'' (UK 2; US 11), was released in April 2008. The album's debut at number 2 in the UK charts was the highest position for a Rolling Stones concert album since ''[[Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert]]'' in 1970. On 24 March 2007, the band announced a tour of Europe called the "Bigger Bang 2007" tour. 12 June 2007 saw the release of the band's second four-disc DVD set: ''[[The Biggest Bang]]'', a seven-hour document featuring their shows in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], Rio de Janeiro, [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]], Shanghai and [[Buenos Aires]], along with extras. On 10 June 2007, the band performed their first gig at a festival in 30 years, at the [[Isle of Wight Festival]], to a crowd of 65,000. On 26 August 2007, they played their last concert of the [[A Bigger Bang Tour]] at the O2 Arena in London, England. On 26 September 2007, it was announced the Rolling Stones had made $437 million on the A Bigger Bang Tour to list them in the latest edition of ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20991144/ |title=MSNBC< Another Stones record — this one in Guinness |publisher=MSNBC |date=2007-09-26 |accessdate=2010-09-06}} [[File:Charlie Watts Hannover 19-07-2006.jpg|right|thumb|Charlie Watts in [[Hannover]], 2006]] Mick Jagger released a compilation of his solo work called ''[[The Very Best of Mick Jagger]]'' (UK 57; US 77), including three unreleased songs, on 2 October 2007. On 12 November 2007, ABKCO released ''[[Rolled Gold: The Very Best of the Rolling Stones]]'', a double-CD remake of the 1975 compilation ''Rolled Gold''; the reissue went to number 26 in the UK charts. In a 2007 interview with Mick Jagger after nearly two years of touring, Jagger refused to say when the band is going to retire: "I'm sure the Rolling Stones will do more things, more records and more tours, we've got no plans to stop any of that, really. As far as I'm concerned, I'm sure we'll continue."{{cite web|url=http://melodicrockconcerts.com/2009/10/28/2010-who-will-tour/ |title=2010: Who Will Tour? |publisher=Melodic Rock Concerts |date= |accessdate=2010-09-06}} In March 2008 Keith Richards sparked rumours that a new Rolling Stones studio album may be forthcoming, saying during an interview following the premiere of ''Shine a Light'', "I think we might make another album. Once we get over doing promotion on this film". Drummer Charlie Watts remarked that he got ill whenever he stopped working.[http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/stones%20planning%2023rd%20album_1063946 "Stones Planning 23rd Album"] ''Contact Music'', 28 March 2008 In July 2008 it was announced that the Rolling Stones were leaving EMI and signing with Vivendi's [[Universal Music]], taking with them their catalogue stretching back to ''Sticky Fingers''. New music released by the band while under this contract will be issued through Universal's [[Polydor]] label.[http://news.yahoo.com/s/eonline/20080725/en_music_eo/f76e8829_cb6a4183_8283_5e58500c685d;_ylt=Amm7UXsAg6r63grjkoejBvNxFb8C "Stones Roll to Universal in New Deal"] ''Yahoo! News'', 25 July 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008. [[Universal Records]] will hold the US rights to the pre-1994 material, while the post-1994 material will be handled by [[Interscope Records]] (once a subsidiary of Atlantic). Coincidentally, Universal Music is also the distributor for ABKCO, owners of the band's pre-''Sticky Fingers'' releases. During the fall, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, and Mick Taylor worked with producer Don Was to add new vocals and guitar parts to ten unfinished songs from the ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' sessions. In late November 2009 rumours circulated that the Rolling Stones are planning to tour in 2010.[http://www.spinner.com/2009/11/30/rolling-stones-to-tour-in-2010-says-ron-woods-girlfriend/] "Spinner", 30 Nov 2009. However, the Rolling Stones admitted in January 2010 that they had no such plans.{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1240597/Rolling-Stones-NOT-tour-year-nice-little-earner-Ronnie-Wood-then.html | location=London | work=Daily Mail | title=Rolling Stones will NOT tour this year (so no nice little earner for Ronnie Wood, then) | date=4 January 2010}} On 17 April 2010 the band released a limited edition 7-inch vinyl single of the previously unreleased track "[[Plundered My Soul]]" in honour of [[Record Store Day]]. The track, part of the group's 2010 re-issue of ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'', was combined with "[[All Down the Line]]" as its [[A-side and B-side|B-side]].{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/the-rolling-stones-to-release-ldquoplundered-my-soulrdquo-for-record-store-day-1940947.html |title=The Rolling Stones to release “Plundered My Soul� for Record Store Day at independent.co,uk |publisher=Independent.co.uk |date=2010-04-10 |accessdate=2010-09-06}} On 23 April, it was announced that the band would be at Cannes Festival, for the premiere of the documentary ''[[Stones in Exile]]'' (directed by [[Stephen Kijak]]{{cite news| url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019350.html?categoryid=16&cs=1 | title=Re-issue of Stones album spawns Cannes docu | first=Steve | last=Chagollan | work=Variety | date=15 May 2010}}), about the recording of the album ''[[Exile on Main St.]]''.El Universal Spanish [http://espectaculos.eluniversal.com/2010/04/20/music_ava_rolling-stones-se-un_20A3769973.shtml] "Rolling Stones se uniran a las estrellas en la meca del cine europeo" On 23 May 2010, the re-issue of ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' stormed at No. 1 in the UK charts, almost 38 years to the week after it first occupied that position. The Rolling Stones are the first act to ever see a classic work return to No. 1 decades after it was first released.{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/3/2010-05-29/ |title=Archive Chart |publisher=Theofficialcharts.com |date=2010-05-29 |accessdate=2010-09-06}} In the U.S, the album sold 76,000 copies during the first week and re-entered the charts at No. 2. A CD containing just the 10 new tracks from the 2CD edition of ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' was released exclusively through Target, - as ''[[Exile On Main St. (Rarities Edition)|Exile on Main St. (Rarities Edition)]]'' and also charted at No. 27.{{cite web|author=Up for Discussion Jump to Forums |url=http://www.billboard.com/news/glee-stops-the-show-at-no-1-stones-come-1004094028.story#/news/glee-stops-the-show-at-no-1-stones-come-1004094028.story |title='Glee' Stops the Show at No. 1, Stones Come in Second On Billboard 200 |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2009-09-14 |accessdate=2010-09-06}} On 11 October 2010, the Stones are releasing [[Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones]] to the cinemas and later on to DVD. This Live Performance was recorded during 4 shows in Ft. Worth and Houston, Texas in support of their [[The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972]] and their album Exile on Main Street. The film was released to cinemas in 1974 but until now it was never available for home release apart from the numerous bootleg copies.{{cite web|last=Rambler |first=Midnight |url=http://www.rollingstones.com/news/ladies-and-gentlemen-hit-cinemas-across-globe |title=Ladies and Gentlemen to Hit Cinemas across the Globe |publisher=Rollingstones.com |date=2010-08-12 |accessdate=2010-09-06}} == Musical evolution == The Rolling Stones are notable in modern popular music for assimilating various musical genres into their own collective sound. Throughout the band's career, their musical contributions have been marked by a continual reference and reliance on musical styles including blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, reggae, dance, and [[world music]], exemplified by their collaboration with the [[Master Musicians of Jajouka]] as well as traditional English styles that use stringed instrumentation like harps. Brian Jones experimented with the use of non-traditional instruments such as the [[sitar]], and [[slide guitar]] in their early days. The group cut their musical teeth by covering early rock and roll and blues songs, and have never stopped playing live or recording [[cover song]]s. === Infusion of American blues === Jagger and Richards shared an admiration of [[Jimmy Reed]], [[Muddy Waters]] and [[Little Walter]], and their interest influenced Brian Jones, of whom Richards says, "He was more into [[T-Bone Walker]] and [[jazz blues]] stuff. We'd turn him onto Chuck Berry and say, 'Look, it's all the same shit, man, and you can do it.'" Charlie Watts, a [[traditional jazz]] drummer, was also introduced to the blues through his association with the pair. "Keith and Brian turned me on to [[Jimmy Reed]] and people like that. I learned that Earl Phillips was playing on those records like a jazz drummer, playing swing, with a straight four..."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 41 Jagger, recalling when he first heard the likes of [[Chuck Berry]], [[Bo Diddley]], Muddy Waters, [[Fats Domino]] and other major American R&B artists, said it "seemed the most real thing"Davin Seay''Mick Jagger:The Story Behind the Rolling Stone''. York: Birch Lane Press, 1993. he had heard up to that point. Similarly, Keith Richards, describing the first time he listened to Muddy Waters, said it was the "most powerful music [he had] ever heard...the most expressive."Robert Gordon. ''Can't Be Satisfied'' New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2002 He also stated, "when you think of some dopey, spotty seventeen year old from Dartford, who wants to be Muddy Waters-- and there were a lot of us-- in a way, very pathetic, but in another way, very.. heartwarming".{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7B9tPuIP-w|title=Can Blue Men Play The Whites?|date=May 3, 2009|work=Blues Britannia|publisher=BBC4|accessdate=29 May 2010}} === Early songwriting === Despite the Rolling Stones' predilection for blues and R&B numbers on their early live setlists, the first original compositions by the band reflected a more wide-ranging interest. The first Jagger/Richards single, "[[Tell Me (You're Coming Back)]]", has been described by critic [[Richie Unterberger]] as a "[[pop rock]] ballad... When [Jagger and Richards] began to write songs, they were usually not derived from the blues, but were often surprisingly fey, slow, [[Beat music|Mersey]]-type pop numbers."[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=33:fifyxqtdld0e "Tell Me"]''[[allmusic]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2007. "[[As Tears Go By (song)|As Tears Go By]]", the ballad originally written for [[Marianne Faithfull]], was one of the first songs written by Jagger and Richards and also one of many written by the duo for other artists. Jagger said of the song, "It's a relatively mature song considering the rest of the output at the time. And we didn't think of [recording] it, because the Rolling Stones were a butch blues group."{{cite web| last = Wenner| first = Jann| title = Jagger Remembers| work = Rolling Stone| publisher = Rolling Stone | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/mick_jagger_remembers| accessdate = 14 December 2006}} The Rolling Stones did later record a version which became a top five hit in the US.[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=33:abfuxx9sldse "As Tears Go By"]''[[allmusic]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2007. On the early experience, Richards said, "The amazing thing is that although Mick and I thought these songs were really puerile and kindergarten-time, every one that got put out made a decent showing in the charts. That gave us extraordinary confidence to carry on, because at the beginning songwriting was something we were going to do in order to say to Andrew [Loog Oldham], 'Well, at least we gave it a try...'" Jagger said, "We were very pop-orientated. We didn't sit around listening to Muddy Waters; we listened to everything. In some ways it's easy to write to order... Keith and I got into the groove of writing those kind of tunes; they were done in ten minutes. I think we thought it was a bit of a laugh, and it turned out to be something of an apprenticeship for us."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 85 The writing of the single "The Last Time," the Rolling Stones' first major single, proved a turning point. Richards called it "a bridge into thinking about writing for the Stones. It gave us a level of confidence; a pathway of how to do it." The song was based on a traditional gospel song popularised by [[The Staples Singers]], but the Rolling Stones' number features a distinctive guitar riff (played on stage by Brian Jones). == Band members ==

ImageSize = width:800 height:350 PlotArea = left:100 bottom:60 top:0 right:50 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:1962 till:2009 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Colors = id:Vocal value:red legend:Vocals id:Guitar value:blue legend:Guitar id:Bass value:yellow legend:Bass id:Drums value:green legend:Drums id:Keyboard value:purple legend:Keyboards id:Lines value:black legend:Albums id:grid1 value:gray(0.6) id:Tours value:gray(0.5) Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:1962 gridcolor:grid1 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1962 LineData = at:04/16/1964 color:black layer:back at:01/15/1965 color:black layer:back at:09/24/1965 color:black layer:back at:04/15/1966 color:black layer:back at:01/20/1967 color:black layer:back at:12/08/1967 color:black layer:back at:12/06/1968 color:black layer:back at:12/05/1969 color:black layer:back at:04/23/1971 color:black layer:back at:05/12/1972 color:black layer:back at:08/31/1973 color:black layer:back at:10/18/1974 color:black layer:back at:04/23/1976 color:black layer:back at:06/08/1978 color:black layer:back at:06/20/1980 color:black layer:back at:08/24/1981 color:black layer:back at:11/07/1983 color:black layer:back at:03/24/1986 color:black layer:back at:08/29/1989 color:black layer:back at:07/11/1994 color:black layer:back at:09/29/1997 color:black layer:back at:09/05/2005 color:black layer:back BarData = bar:MJ text:"Mick Jagger" bar:KR text:"Keith Richards" bar:BJ text:"Brian Jones" bar:MT text:"Mick Taylor" bar:RW text:"Ronnie Wood" bar:IS text:"Ian Stewart" bar:DT text:"Dick Taylor" bar:BW text:"Bill Wyman" bar:TC text:"Tony Chapman" bar:CW text:"Charlie Watts" PlotData = width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:MJ from:01/01/1962 till:end color:Vocal bar:KR from:01/01/1962 till:end color:Guitar bar:BJ from:01/01/1962 till:07/03/1969 color:Guitar bar:MT from:07/05/1969 till:12/01/1974 color:Guitar bar:RW from:03/01/1975 till:end color:Guitar bar:IS from:01/01/1962 till:01/01/1963 color:Keyboard bar:DT from:01/01/1962 till:11/01/1962 color:Bass bar:BW from:12/07/1962 till:12/01/1992 color:Bass bar:TC from:01/01/1962 till:01/01/1963 color:Drums bar:CW from:01/01/1963 till:end color:Drums

== Discography == {{See|The Rolling Stones discography}} In a career that has spanned nearly half a century, the band has released over 90 [[Single (music)|singles]], more than two dozen [[studio album]]s, and numerous [[compilation album|compilation]] and [[live album]]s. Ten of their studio albums are among ''Rolling Stone'' magazine's [[The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]], with their 1972 [[double album]] ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' placing seventh.[http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938174/the_rs_500_greatest_albums_of_all_time/print The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time] from ''Rolling Stone'' magazine == Concert tours == {{See|Rolling Stones concerts}} == Official videography == Officially released films featuring are listed with their original release dates. (The formats mentioned are the most recent versions officially available, not necessarily the original release formats.) * 1966: ''[[Charlie Is My Darling (film)|Charlie Is My Darling]]'', directed by [[Peter Whitehead (filmmaker)|Peter Whitehead)]] (released on DVD in 2009 without the Rolling Stones' music) * 1968: ''[[Sympathy for the Devil (film)|Sympathy for the Devil]]'' , directed by [[Jean-Luc Godard]] (DVD) * 1969: ''Stones in the Park'' (DVD) * 1970: ''[[Gimme Shelter (film)|Gimme Shelter]]'', directed by [[Albert and David Maysles]] (DVD/[[Blu-ray Disc]]) * 1974: ''[[Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones]]'', directed by Rolin Binzer * 1982: ''Rocks Off'' and ''[[Let's Spend the Night Together (film)|Let's Spend the Night Together]]'', both directed by [[Hal Ashby]] (DVD) * 1984: ''[[Video Rewind]]'' ([[VHS]]) * 1989: ''[[25x5 – The Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones]]'' (VHS) * 1992: ''[[Stones at the Max]]'', directed by [[Julien Temple]] (DVD) * 1995: ''[[The Rolling Stones: Voodoo Lounge Live]]'' (DVD) * 1996: ''[[The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus]]'', directed by [[Michael Lindsay-Hogg]] (filmed in 1968) (DVD) * 1998: ''[[Bridges to Babylon Tour '97–98]]'' (DVD) * 2003: ''[[Four Flicks]]'' (DVD) * 2007: ''[[The Biggest Bang]]'' (DVD/Blu-ray Disc) * 2008: ''[[Shine a Light (film)|Shine a Light]]'', directed by [[Martin Scorsese]], released to theatres in standard and [[IMAX]] presentations (DVD/[[Blu-ray Disc]]) * 2009: ''[[Stones at the Max]]'' Remastered twentieth anniversary edition, directed by [[Julien Temple]] (DVD/[[Blu-ray Disc]]) * 2010: ''[[Stones in Exile]]'', directed by [[Stephen Kijak]] == References == {{columns-list|3| {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} }} == Further reading == {{Refbegin}} * [http://www.therollingstones-thephotobookbygeredmankowitz.com?aid=wiki/ Gered Mankowitz: The Rolling Stones - Out of Their Heads.] Photographs 1965-67 and 1982, ISBN 3-89602-664-X * [[Stanley Booth]], ''The True Adventures of the Rolling Stones'', Chicago Review Press (2000), ISBN 1-55652-400-5 (also published as ''Dance with the Devil: The Rolling Stones and Their Times'', Random House (1984), ISBN 0-394-53488-3 * Stanley Booth, ''Keith: Standing in the Shadows'', St. Martin's Press (1995), ISBN 0-312-11841-4 * [[Bill Wyman]], ''Rolling with the Stones'', DK Publishing (2002), ISBN 0-7894-9998-3 * [[Roy Carr]], ''The Rolling Stones: An Illustrated Record'', Harmony Books (1976), ISBN 0-517-52641-7 * Robert Greenfield, ''S.T.P.: A Journey Through America with the Rolling Stones'' (1974), Reissued De Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 0-306-81199-5 * James Phelge, ''Nankering with the Stones'' 2000. ISBN 1-55652-373-4 * The Rolling Stones, ''According to the Rolling Stones'', Chronicle Books (2003), ISBN 0-8118-4060-3 * [[Andrew Loog Oldham]], ''Stoned'', St. Martin's Griffin (2000), ISBN 0-312-27094-1 * Chet Flippo, ''On the Road With the Rolling Stones'', Doubleday/Dolphin (1985), ISBN 0-385-193742 * [[Greil Marcus]], "Myth and Misquotation", ''The Dustbin Of History'', Harvard University Press (1997), ISBN 0-674-21858-2 * [http://www.timeisonourside.com/ecstasy.html "The Ecstasy and the Irony: The Evolution of a Rhythm & Blues Band"] Ian McPherson (2000) * [http://www.gramparsons.com/faq/ The Gram Parsons Homepage FAQ] * [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-68-832/arts_entertainment/rolling_stones/ CBC Digital Archives - The Rolling Stones: Canada gets satisfaction] {{Refend}} == External links == {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikipedia-Books|The Rolling Stones}} {{Portal|The Rolling Stones}} {{Commons category|Rolling Stones}} * {{Official|http://www.rollingstones.com}} * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/36462/rolling-with-the-stones-in-1969 Rolling With the Stones in 1969] - image slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]'' * [http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/the-rolling-stones/5556 The Rolling Stones] at [[Billboard.com]] * [http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=ROLLING|STONES&sql=11:aifoxqr5ldje~T0 The Rolling Stones at Allmusic] * [http://www.discogs.com/artist/Rolling+Stones,+The The Rolling Stones] at [[Discogs]] * [http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/the-rolling-stones/ The Rolling Stones live music] * [http://www.hazyrock.com/servlet/the-Rolling-Stones/Categories The Rolling Stones Art ] * {{MusicBrainz artist|id=b071f9fa-14b0-4217-8e97-eb41da73f598|name=The Rolling Stones}} * {{IMDB name|1213869}} {{Template group |title = The Rolling Stones |list = {{The Rolling Stones}} {{The Rolling Stones singles}} {{The Rolling Stones albums}} {{The Rolling Stones videos}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rolling Stones, The}} [[Category:The Rolling Stones| ]] [[Category:1960s music groups]] [[Category:1970s music groups]] [[Category:1980s music groups]] [[Category:1990s music groups]] [[Category:2000s music groups]] [[Category:2010s music groups]] [[Category:Atlantic Records artists]] [[Category:Blues-rock musicians]] [[Category:British Invasion artists]] [[Category:Decca Records artists]] [[Category:English rock music groups]] [[Category:Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]] [[Category:London Records artists]] [[Category:MTV Video Music Awards winners]] [[Category:MTV Video Vanguard Award winners]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1962]] [[Category:Musical groups from London]] [[Category:Musical quartets]] [[Category:Musical quintets]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:World record holders]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] {{Link GA|es}} {{Link GA|no}} [[af:The Rolling Stones]] [[ar:ذا رولينغ ستونز]] [[an:The Rolling Stones]] [[ast:The Rolling Stones]] [[bn:দ�য রোলিং স�টোনস]] [[be:The Rolling Stones]] [[be-x-old:The Rolling Stones]] [[bs:The Rolling Stones]] [[br:The Rolling Stones]] [[bg:Ролинг Стоун�]] [[ca:The Rolling Stones]] [[cs:The Rolling Stones]] [[co:The Rolling Stones]] [[cy:The Rolling Stones]] [[da:The Rolling Stones]] [[pdc:The Rolling Stones]] [[de:The Rolling Stones]] [[et:The Rolling Stones]] [[el:The Rolling Stones]] [[es:The Rolling Stones]] [[eo:The Rolling Stones]] [[eu:The Rolling Stones]] [[fa:رولینگ استونز]] [[fo:The Rolling Stones]] [[fr:The Rolling Stones]] [[ga:The Rolling Stones]] [[gd:Na Rolling Stones]] [[gl:The Rolling Stones]] [[ko:롤� 스톤스]] [[hr:The Rolling Stones]] [[io:The Rolling Stones]] [[id:The Rolling Stones]] [[is:The Rolling Stones]] [[it:The Rolling Stones]] [[he:הרולינג סטונז]] [[ka:რ�ლინგ სტ�უნზი]] [[kk:The Rolling Stones]] [[sw:The Rolling Stones]] [[la:The Rolling Stones]] [[lv:The Rolling Stones]] [[lb:The Rolling Stones]] [[lt:The Rolling Stones]] [[li:The Rolling Stones]] [[hu:The Rolling Stones]] [[mk:Ролинг Стоун�]] [[ml:ദ റോളിങ� സ�റ�റോൺസ�]] [[arz:رولينج ستونز]] [[ms:Rolling stones]] [[mn:Роллинг Стоунз]] [[nah:The Rolling Stones]] [[nl:The Rolling Stones]] [[ne:द रोलिङ�ग स�टोन�स]] [[ja:ローリング・ストーンズ]] [[no:The Rolling Stones]] [[nn:The Rolling Stones]] [[uz:The Rolling Stones]] [[pcd:The Rolling Stones]] [[pms:The Rolling Stones]] [[nds:The Rolling Stones]] [[pl:The Rolling Stones]] [[pt:The Rolling Stones]] [[ro:The Rolling Stones]] [[qu:The Rolling Stones]] [[ru:The Rolling Stones]] [[stq:The Rolling Stones]] [[scn:The Rolling Stones]] [[simple:The Rolling Stones]] [[sk:The Rolling Stones]] [[sl:The Rolling Stones]] [[sr:Ролинг�тон�и]] [[sh:The Rolling Stones]] [[fi:The Rolling Stones]] [[sv:The Rolling Stones]] [[ta:த ரோலிங� ஸ�டோன�ஸ�]] [[th:เดอะโรลลิงสโตนส์]] [[tg:The Rolling Stones]] [[tr:The Rolling Stones]] [[uk:The Rolling Stones]] [[vi:The Rolling Stones]] [[vo:The Rolling Stones]] [[war:The Rolling Stones]] [[bat-smg:The Rolling Stones]] [[zh:滚石�队]]" ["html"]=> string(84471) "{{Infobox musical artist| Name = The Rolling Stones| Img = Stones members.JPG| Img_capt = Mick Jagger, Keith Richards
Ronnie Wood, Charlie Watts| Landscape = yes| Background = group_or_band| Alias =| Origin = London, England| Years_active = 1962–present| Genre = Rock, rock and roll, blues-rock, rhythm and blues, blues| Label = Decca, London, Rolling Stones, Virgin, ABKCO, Interscope, Polydor| Associated_acts =| URL = www.RollingStones.com| Current_members = Mick Jagger
Keith Richards
Charlie Watts
Ronnie Wood| Past_members = Brian Jones
Ian Stewart
Mick Taylor
Bill Wyman
Tony Chapman
Mick Avory
Dick Taylor}}The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in April 1962 by guitarist and harmonica player Brian Jones, pianist Ian Stewart, vocalist Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards. Bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts completed the early lineup. At inception the band's material was heavily weighted with rhythm and blues material, and they are credited for raising the international regard for the more primitive blues typified by Chess Records' artists such as Muddy Waters who wrote Rollin' Stone, the song after which the band is named. Unconcerned with being authentic blues stylists, from the start the Rolling Stones have played rock and roll, and have written and recorded in many genres.{{Cite podcast| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00kc752| title = Podcast: Faking It with Yuval Taylor| website = http://www.maximumfun.org/shows/sound-young-america| publisher = http://www.maximumfun.org/| date = April 09 2007| accessdate = August 29 2010}}

Jones led the band until Jagger and Richards together wrote hit songs for the band and assumed control. In 1969 Jones' contributions to recording were minimal, and he was unable to tour the United States for legal reasons; he left the band by mutual agreement. Shortly before Jones' untimely death in 1969, Mick Taylor joined the Rolling Stones on guitar. Taylor left in 1974 and was replaced by Ronnie Wood. Wyman left in 1990, and his replacement Darryl Jones became the primary bassist, but he has not been made a full member. Stewart was taken from the official lineup in 1963 to continue as the band's road manager and occasional keyboardist until his death in 1985.

After gaining popularity in Europe, The Rolling Stones became successful in North America during the so-called British Invasion of the mid 1960s. They have released 22 studio albums in the United Kingdom (24 in the United States), eight concert albums (nine in the US) and numerous compilations; they have been estimated to have sold worldwide more than 200 million albums. Sticky Fingers (1971) began a string of eight consecutive studio albums reaching number one in the United States. Their most recent album of entirely new material, A Bigger Bang, was released in 2005. In 1989 the Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 they ranked number 4 in Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked the Rolling Stones at number ten on "The Billboard Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists", and as the second most successful group in the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

After signing to Decca Records in 1963, the band changed their name from "The Rollin' Stones" to "The Rolling Stones".Oldham 2000. p. 221 Band members and others often refer to the band as "The Stones".

History

Early history

In the early 1950s Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were boyhood friends and classmates at Wentworth Primary School in Dartford, Kent, until their families moved apart. In 1960 when Richards, on his way to class at Sidcup Art College, and Jagger, on his way to class at London School of Economics, met at Dartford train station. The Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records Jagger carried revealed a mutual interest leading to the reestablishment of their friendship and the formation of a band with Dick Taylor (later of Pretty Things). . Richards, Taylor and Jagger found Brian Jones as he sat in playing slide guitar with Alexis Korner's seminal London R&B band, Blues Incorporated. Blues Incorporated contained two other future members of the Rolling Stones; Ian Stewart and Charlie Watts Stewart found a practice space and joined with Jones to start a R&B band playing Chicago Blues. Besides Stewart, Jones and Jagger, the first rehearsal of the as-yet-unnamed band also included Richards attending at Jagger's behest. Other participants were guitarist Geoff Bradford and vocalist Brian Knight objected to the rock 'n roll material Jagger and Richards favoured and wanted no part of forming a band with them. In June 1962 the lineup was: Jagger, Richards, Stewart, Jones, Taylor, and drummer Tony Chapman. According to Richards, Jones christened the band while phoning Jazz News to place an advertisement. When asked what the band's name was, Jones glanced at a Muddy Waters LP lying on the floor of which one of the tracks was "Rollin' Stone".Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 42{{cite web| last =| first = Stephen Thomas| title = Rolling Stones Biography| work = Allmusic| publisher = All Media Guide| url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:aifoxqr5ldje~T1| accessdate = 21 December 2006 }}

1962–1964

On 12 July 1962 the group played their first formal gig at the Marquee Club, billed as "The Rollin' Stones". The line-up was Jagger, Richards, Jones, (now roommates) along with Stewart on piano, Taylor on bass and Tony Chapman on drums. Jones and Stewart intended to play primarily Chicago blues, but were agreeable to the Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley numbers of Jagger and Richards. Bassist Bill Wyman joined in December and drummer Charlie Watts the following January to form the band's long-standing rhythm section.Wyman 2002. pp. 40-41, pp. 44-45

Acting Rolling Stones' manager Giorgio Gomelsky booked them for a Sunday afternoon residency at The Crawdaddy Club that lasted eight months. At this stage the band would play songs for extended jams, including a 20 minute version of Bo Diddley's "Crawdad" for which the club was named.Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 50 Gromelsky thought the Rolling Stones' residency at the Crawdadddy, combined with the ascension of the Beatles, was a formative event for what became heralded as "Swinging London", and marked the beginning of an international renaissance of the blues.Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 51

Former Beatles publicist, Andrew Loog Oldham saw the Rolling Stones at the Crawdaddy and signed the band to a management deal in April, 1963. Oldham was nineteen—younger than any of the band members—and underage for an agent's license. To operate legally, Oldham partnered with veteran booker Eric Easton, as Mrs. Oldham signed on her son's behalf.Oldham 2000. p. 223page 16, MojoClassic Vol 1 No. 12Wyman 2002. pp. 56-57 Gomelsky, who had no written agreement with the band, was not consulted.Wyman 1990. pp. 135-136

Oldham and Easton signed the Rolling Stones to Decca Records. According to Oldham, Decca's regret at passing on the Beatles led to favourable terms, including three times the royalty rate of a typical new recording act, artistic control of recordings, as well as ownership of the recording masters, which they were obliged to lease to Decca. The contract - which was with Oldham's company Impact Sound - also allowed Oldham his choice of recording studios.Oldham 2000. p. 205, 212Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. p. 68

With minimal recording experience, Oldham made himself the band's producer and booked the band into independent studios such as Olympic, De Lane Lea, and most importantly Regent Sound, a relatively primitive, monophonic demo facility on Denmark Street featuring egg boxes on the ceiling for sound treatment.Oldham 2000. pp. 209-210 All tracks for the first Rolling Stones album were recorded at Regent, where, because studio time was inexpensive, the band recorded for extended intervals instead of the typical three hour slot, a practice the band has generally maintained since.Oldham 2000. p. 2133 Another attraction of Regent, Oldham said, was that "The sound leaked, instrument to instrument, the right way" creating a "wall of noise" in mono that suited the band's sound.Oldham 2000. p. 252-3

Using independent studios also let Oldham contrast the Rolling Stones with the Beatles, the latter of whom Oldham said appeared to be "mere mortals ... sweating in the studio for the man".Oldham 2000. p. 205 Although Oldham initially tried more conventionally to present the band wearing identical suits—only to see them return to wearing their own clothes for public appearances,Wyman 1990. p. 136 his strategy became to portray the Rolling Stones as the nasty opposites of the Beatles, suggesting and welcoming such provocative headlines such as "Would you let your daughter marry a Rolling Stone?", and having the band pose unsmiling on the cover of the first UK album. According to Wyman: "Our reputation and image as the Bad Boys came later, completely accidentally. Andrew never did engineer it. He simply exploited it exhaustively." In other matters of presentation, Oldham changed the spelling of the band from "The Rollin' Stones" to "The Rolling Stones" and changed the spelling of Richards last name to Richard because it "looked more pop".Bockris 1992. p. 63Oldham 2000. p. 222 Oldham also thought Stewart did not fit his mould, according to Wyman, of "pretty, thin, long-haired boys", and he was removed from band photos and live appearances to become the band's road manager and occasional pianist.Wyman 1990. p. 133Oldham 2000. pp. 222-225

Jagger|Jagger, Jones, Richards, Wyman and Watts] Chuck Berry's "Come On" was the A-side of the Rolling Stones' first single, released on 7 June 1963. The Rolling Stones disliked the recording and refused to play it at live gigs.Bill Wyman, interviewed on the Gary Crowley Show, BBC Radio London, 6th March 2010, and Decca bought only one ad to promote the single. Oldham dispatched fan-club members to buy copies at record shops that were polled by the charts, to prevent the single from doing poorly and prevent Decca from becoming neglectful.Oldham 2000. p. 221 "Come On" rose to #21 on the UK singles charts. Having a charting single gave the band entree to play outside London, starting with a booking at the Outlook Club in Middlesbrough on 13 July, sharing the billing with The Hollies.http://www.picturestockton.co.uk/viewpage.aspx?id=5316 Later in the year Oldham and Easton arranged the band's first big UK concert tour as a supporting act for American stars including Bo Diddley, Little Richard and The Everly Brothers. This Autumn 1963 tour became a "training ground" for the young band's stagecraft.Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 68Wyman 2002. pp. 80-83

During this tour the Rolling Stones recorded their second single, a Lennon/McCartney-penned number entitled "I Wanna Be Your Man"; it reached number 12 in the UK charts. Their third single, Buddy Holly's "Not Fade Away", was released in February 1964 and reached number 3.

Oldham saw little future for an act that lost significant song writing royalties by playing songs of "middle-aged blacks", limited the appeal to teenage audiences. At Oldham's urging, Jagger and Richards co-wrote songs, the first batch of which he described as "soppy and imitative."Oldham 2000. p. 256-7 Because songwriting developed slowly, songs on the band's first album The Rolling Stones, (issued in the US as England's Newest Hit Makers) were primarily covers, with only one Jagger/Richards original – "Tell Me " – and two numbers credited to Nanker Phelge, the pen name for songs written by the entire group.Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. p. 84

The Rolling Stones' first US tour, in June 1964, was, in Bill Wyman's words, "a disaster. When we arrived, we didn't have a hit record [1] or anything going for us."Wyman 2002. p. 126 When the band appeared on Dean Martin's TV variety show The Hollywood Palace, Martin mocked both their hair and their performance. "The Hollywood Palace"TV.com. Retrieved 1 June 2007. During the tour they recorded for two days at Chess Studios in Chicago, meeting many of their most important influences, including Muddy Waters.Wyman 2002. pp. 128-129Wyman 2002. p. 158 These sessions included what would become the Rolling Stones' first number 1 hit in the UK: their cover of Bobby and Shirley Womack's "It's All Over Now".Wyman 2002. p. 137

"The Stones" followed James Brown in the filmed theatrical release of The TAMI Show, which showcased American acts with British Invasion artists. According to Jagger in 2003, "We weren't actually following James Brown because there were hours in between the filming of each section. Nevertheless, he was still very annoyed about it..."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 88 On 25 October the band also appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Regarding the pandemonium the Rolling Stones caused, Sullivan banned the band from his show,Wyman 2002. p. 154 though he later did book them repeatedly. Their second LP – the US-only 12 X 5 – was released during this tour; like their first album, it contained mainly cover tunes, augmented by Jagger/Richards and Nanker Phelge tracks.

The Rolling Stones' fifth UK single – a cover of Willie Dixon's "Little Red Rooster" backed by "Off the Hook" (Nanker Phelge) – was released in November 1964 and became their second number-1 hit in the UK – an unprecedented achievement for a blues number. The band's US distributors (London Records) declined to release "Little Red Rooster" as a single there. In December 1964 London Records released the band's first single with Jagger/Richards originals on both sides: "Heart of Stone" backed with "What a Shame"; "Heart of Stone" went to number 19 in the US.Wyman 2002. p. 159

1965–1969

Kevin Delaney

The band's second UK LP - The Rolling Stones No. 2, released in January 1965 - was another number 1 on the album charts; the US version, released in February as The Rolling Stones, Now!, went to number 5. Most of the material had been recorded at Chess Studios in Chicago and RCA Studios in Los Angeles.Wyman 2002. pp. 164-165, p. 171 In January/February 1965 the band also toured Australia and New Zealand for the first time, playing 34 shows for about 100,000 fans.Wyman 2002. p. 166

The first Jagger/Richards composition to reach number 1 on the UK singles charts was "The Last Time" (released in February 1965); it went to number 9 in the US. It was also later identified by Richards as "the bridge to into thinking about writing for The Stones. It gave us a level of confidence; a pathway of how to do it." Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 95 Their first international number-1 hit was " Satisfaction", recorded in May 1965 during the band's third North American tour. In recording the guitar riff with the fuzzbox that drives the song, Richards had envisioned it as a scratch track to guide a horn section. Disagreeing, Oldham released "Satisfaction" without the planned horn overdubs. Issued in the US in June 1965, it spent four weeks at the top of the charts there, establishing the Rolling Stones as a worldwide premier act.Wyman 2002. p. 187

The US version of the LP Out of Our Heads (released in July 1965) also went to number 1; it included seven original songs (three Jagger/Richards numbers and four credited to Nanker Phelge).Wyman 2002. p. 195 Their second international number-1 single, "Get Off of My Cloud" was released in the autumn of 1965, followed by another US-only LP: December's Children.

Aftermath (UK number 1; US 2), released in the late spring of 1966, was the first Rolling Stones album to be composed entirely of Jagger/Richards songs. On this album Jones's contributions expanded beyond guitar and harmonica. To the Middle Eastern-influenced "Paint It Black" he added sitar, to the ballad "Lady Jane" he added dulcimer, and to "Under My Thumb" he added marimbas. Aftermath was also notable for the almost 12-minute long "Goin' Home", the first extended jam on a top-selling rock & roll album.

The Stones' success on the British and American singles charts peaked during 1966. "19th Nervous Breakdown" (Feb. 1966, UK number 2, US number 2) was followed by their first trans-Atlantic number-1 hit "Paint It Black" (May 1966). "Mother's Little Helper" (June 1966) was only released as a single in the US, where it reached number 8; it was one of the first pop songs to address the issue of prescription drug abuse. Notably, Jagger sang the lyric in his natural London accent, rather than his usual affected southern American accent.

The September 1966 single "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing In The Shadow?" (UK number 5, US number 9) was notable in several respects: It was the first Stones recording to feature brass horns, the (now-famous) back-cover photo on the original US picture sleeve depicted the group satirically dressed in drag, and the song was accompanied by one of the first purpose-made promotional film clips (music videos), directed by Peter Whitehead.{{Listen|filename = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Paint_It_Black.ogg|title = "Paint It, Black"|description = Sample of "Paint It, Black" by the Rolling Stones (1966). Released as a single and as the opening track on the US version of Aftermath.|filename2 = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Satisfaction.ogg|title2 = "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"|description2 = Sample of " Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones (1965).}}

January 1967 saw the release of Between the Buttons (UK number 3; US 2); the album was Andrew Oldham's last venture as the Rolling Stones' producer (his role as the band's manager had been taken over by Allen Klein in 1965). The US version included the double A-side single "Let's Spend the Night Together" and "Ruby Tuesday", which went to number 1 in America and number 3 in the UK. When the band went to New York to perform the numbers on The Ed Sullivan Show, they were ordered to change the lyrics of the refrain to "let's spend some time together".Wyman 2002. p. 256

Jagger, Richards and Jones began to be hounded by authorities over their recreational drug use in early 1967, after News of the World ran a three-part feature entitled "Pop Stars and Drugs: Facts That Will Shock You". The series described alleged LSD parties hosted by The Moody Blues and attended by top stars including The Who's Pete Townshend and Cream's Ginger Baker, and alleged admissions of drug use by leading pop musicians. The first article targeted Donovan (who was raided and charged soon after); the second instalment (published on 5 February) targeted the Rolling Stones. A reporter who contributed to the story spent an evening at the exclusive London club Blaise's, where a member of the Rolling Stones allegedly took several Benzedrine tablets, displayed a piece of hashish and invited his companions back to his flat for a "smoke". The article claimed that this was Mick Jagger, but it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity—the reporter had in fact been eavesdropping on Brian Jones. On the night the article was published Jagger appeared on the Eamonn Andrews chat show and announced that he was filing a writ of libel against the paper.Mark Paytress: 'The Rolling Stones: Off The Record' (Omnibus Press, 2003), p.116

A week later on Sunday 12 February, Sussex police (tipped off by the News of the World) raided a party at Keith Richards's home, Redlands. No arrests were made at the time but Jagger, Richards and their friend Robert Fraser (an art dealer) were subsequently charged with drug offences. Richards said in 2003, "When we got busted at Redlands, it suddenly made us realise that this was a whole different ball game and that was when the fun stopped. Up until then it had been as though London existed in a beautiful space where you could do anything you wanted."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 112

In March, while awaiting the consequences of the police raid, Jagger, Richards and Jones took a short trip to Morocco, accompanied by Marianne Faithfull, Jones's girlfriend Anita Pallenberg and other friends. During this trip the stormy relations between Jones and Pallenberg deteriorated to the point that Pallenberg left Morocco with Richards.Wyman 2002. pp. 264-265 Richards said later: "That was the final nail in the coffin with me and Brian. He'd never forgive me for that and I don't blame him, but hell, shit happens."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 113 Richards and Pallenberg would remain a couple for twelve years. Despite these complications, the Rolling Stones toured Europe in March and April 1967. The tour included the band's first performances in Poland, Greece and Italy.Wyman 2002. p. 268

On 10 May 1967—the same day Jagger, Richards and Fraser were arraigned in connection with the Redlands charges—Brian Jones's house was raided by police and he was arrested and charged with possession of cannabis. Three out of five Rolling Stones now faced criminal charges. Jagger and Richards were tried at the end of June. On 29 June Jagger was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for possession of four amphetamine tablets; Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property and sentenced to one year in prison. Both Jagger and Richards were imprisoned at that point, but were released on bail the next day pending appeal.Wyman 2002. pp. 278-282 The Times ran the famous editorial entitled "Who breaks a butterfly on a wheel?" in which editor William Rees-Mogg was strongly critical of the sentencing, pointing out that Jagger had been treated far more harshly for a minor first offence than "any purely anonymous young man".

While awaiting the appeal hearings, the band recorded a new single, "We Love You", as a thank-you for the loyalty shown by their fans. It began with the sound of prison doors closing, and the accompanying music video included allusions to the trial of Oscar Wilde.Janovitz, Bill. The Rolling Stones "We Love You". allmusic. 2007 . Retrieved 1 June 2007. On 31 July, the appeals court overturned Richards's conviction, and Jagger's sentence was reduced to a conditional discharge.Wyman 2002. p. 286 Brian Jones's trial took place in November 1967; in December, after appealing the original prison sentence, Jones was fined £1000, put on three years' probation and ordered to seek professional help.Wyman 2002. pp. 292-293, p. 299

December 1967 also saw the release of Their Satanic Majesties Request (UK number 3; US 2), released shortly after The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Satanic Majesties had been recorded in difficult circumstances while Jagger, Richards and Jones were dealing with their court cases. The band parted ways with producer Andrew Oldham during the sessions. The split was amicable, at least publicly,Wyman 2002. p. 290 but in 2003 Jagger said: "The reason Andrew left was because he thought that we weren't concentrating and that we were being childish. It was not a great moment really - and I would have thought it wasn't a great moment for Andrew either. There were a lot of distractions and you always need someone to focus you at that point, that was Andrew's job."

Satanic Majesties thus became the first album the Rolling Stones produced on their own. It was also the first of their albums released in identical versions on both sides of the Atlantic.Its psychedelic sound was complemented by the cover art, which featured a 3D photo by Michael Cooper, who had also photographed the cover of Sgt. Pepper. Bill Wyman wrote and sang a track on the album: "In Another Land", which was also released as a single, the first on which Jagger did not sing lead vocal.Wyman 2002. pp. 296-298

The band spent the first few months of 1968 working on material for their next album. Those sessions resulted in the song "Jumpin' Jack Flash", released as a single in May. The song and the subsequent album, Beggars Banquet (UK number 3; US 5), an eclectic mix of country and blues-inspired tunes, marked the band's return to their roots, and the beginning of their collaboration with producer Jimmy Miller. Featuring the lead single "Street Fighting Man" (which addressed the political upheavals of May 1968) and the opening track "Sympathy for the Devil", Beggars Banquet was well received at the time of release. Richards said, "There is a change between material on Satanic Majesties and Beggars Banquet. I'd grown sick to death of the whole Maharishi guru shit and the beads and bells. Who knows where these things come from, but I guess music was a reaction to what we'd done in our time off and also that severe dose of reality. A spell in prison... will certainly give you room for thought... I was fucking pissed with being busted. So it was, 'Right we'll go and strip this thing down.' There's a lot of anger in the music from that period."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 114 Richards started using open tunings for rhythm parts (often in conjunction with a capo), most prominently an open-E or open-D tuning in 1968. Beginning in 1969, he often used 5-string open-G tuning (with the lower 6th string removed), as heard on the 1969 single "Honky Tonk Women", "Brown Sugar" (Sticky Fingers, 1971), "Tumbling Dice"(capo IV), "Happy"(capo IV) (Exile on Main St., 1972), and "Start Me Up" (Tattoo You, 1981).

The end of 1968 saw the filming of The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus. It featured John Lennon, Yoko Ono, The Dirty Mac, The Who, Jethro Tull, Marianne Faithfull and Taj Mahal. The footage was shelved for twenty-eight years but was finally released officially in 1996.

By the release of Beggars Banquet, Brian Jones was increasingly troubled and was only sporadically contributing to the band. Jagger said that Jones was "not psychologically suited to this way of life".Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 128 His drug use had become a hindrance, and he was unable to obtain a US visa. Richards reported that, in a June meeting with Jagger, Richards, and Watts at Jones's house, Jones admitted that he was unable to "go on the road again". According to Richards, all agreed to let Jones "...say I've left, and if I want to I can come back". His replacement was the 20-year-old guitarist Mick Taylor, of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, who started recording with the band immediately. On 3 July 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned in the swimming pool at his Cotchford Farm home in Sussex.

thumb|left|upright|Richards on stage in 1972The Rolling Stones were scheduled to play at a free concert in London's Hyde Park two days after Brian Jones's death; they decided to proceed with the show as a tribute to Jones. The concert, their first with Mick Taylor, was performed in front of an estimated 250,000 fans. The performance was filmed by a Granada Television production team, and was shown on British television as Stones in the Park. Jagger read an excerpt from Percy Bysshe Shelley's elegy Adonais and released thousands of butterflies in memory of Jones. The show included the concert debut of "Honky Tonk Women", which the band had just released. Their stage manager Sam Cutler introduced them as "the greatest rock & roll band in the world" - a description he repeated throughout their 1969 US tour, and which has stuck to this day.{{Listen|filename = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Gimme_Shelter.ogg|title = "Gimmie Shelter" |description = Sample of "Gimmie Shelter" by the Rolling Stones, from Let It Bleed (1969) |filename2 = The_Rolling_Stones_-_Brown_Sugar.ogg|title2 = "Brown Sugar"|description2 = Sample of "Brown Sugar" by the Rolling Stones, from Sticky Fingers (1971)}}

The release of Let It Bleed (UK number 1; US 3) came in December. Their last album of the sixties, Let It Bleed featured "Gimmie Shelter" (with backing vocals by female vocalist Merry Clayton), "You Can't Always Get What You Want", "Midnight Rambler", as well as a cover of Robert Johnson's "Love in Vain". Jones and Taylor are featured on two tracks each. Many of these numbers were played during the band's US tour in November 1969, their first in three years. Just after the tour the band performed at the Altamont Free Concert at the Altamont Speedway, about 60 km east of San Francisco. The biker gang Hells Angels provided security, and a fan, Meredith Hunter, was stabbed and beaten to death by the Angels after they realised that he was armed.Burks, John, "Rock & Roll's Worst Day: The aftermath of Altamont", Rolling Stone, 7 February 1970, URL retrieved 18 April 2007 Part of the tour and the Altamont concert were documented in Albert and David Maysles' film Gimme Shelter. As a response to the growing popularity of bootleg recordings, the album Get Yer Ya-Yas Out! (UK 1; US 6) was released in 1970; it was declared by critic Lester Bangs to be the best live album ever.Bangs, Lester. "The Rolling Stones: Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out". Rolling Stone. 12 November 1970 . Retrieved 28 April 2007.

1970–1974

At the turn of the decade the band appeared on the BBC's highly rated review of the sixties music scene Pop Go The Sixties, performing Gimme Shelter on the show, which was broadcast live on 1 January 1970. Later in 1970 the band's contracts with both Allen Klein and Decca Records ended, and amid contractual disputes with Klein, they formed their own record company, Rolling Stones Records. Sticky Fingers (UK number 1; US 1), released in March 1971, the band's first album on their own label, featured an elaborate cover design by Andy Warhol. The album contains one of their best known hits, "Brown Sugar", and the country-influenced "Wild Horses". Both were recorded at Alabama's Muscle Shoals Sound Studio during the 1969 American tour. The album continued the band's immersion into heavily blues-influenced compositions. The album is noted for its "loose, ramshackle ambience" "Sticky Fingers" allmusic. Retrieved 30 August 2007. and marked Mick Taylor's first full release with the band.thumb|left|Mick Taylor in 1972

Following the release of Sticky Fingers, the Rolling Stones left England after receiving financial advice. The band moved to the South of France, where Richards rented the Villa Nellcôte and sublet rooms to band members and entourage. Using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio, they held recording sessions in the basement; they completed the resulting tracks, along with material dating as far back as 1969, at Sunset Studios in Los Angeles. The resulting double album, Exile on Main St. (UK number 1; US 1), was released in May 1972. Given an A+ grade by critic Robert Christgau "Reviews - The Rolling Stones" Robert Christgau. Retrieved 30 August 2007. and disparaged by Lester Bangs—who reversed his opinion within months -- Exile is now accepted as one of the Stones' best albums. "Exile on Main St." AMG, 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007. The films Cocksucker Blues (never officially released) and The Rolling Stones (released in 1974) document the subsequent highly publicised 1972 North American Tour, with its retinue of jet-set hangers-on, including writer Terry Southern.

In November 1972, the band began sessions in Kingston, Jamaica, for their follow-up to Exile, Goats Head Soup (UK 1; US 1) (1973). The album spawned the worldwide hit "Angie", but proved the first in a string of commercially successful but tepidly received studio albums.Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. The Rolling Stones "Goats Head Soup". allmusic. 2007 . Retrieved 17 June 2007. The sessions for Goats Head Soup led to a number of outtakes, most notably an early version of the popular ballad "Waiting on a Friend", not released until Tattoo You eight years later.

The making of the record was interrupted by another legal battle over drugs, dating back to their stay in France; a warrant for Richards's arrest had been issued, and the other band members had to return briefly to France for questioning.Wyman 2002. p. 408 This, along with Jagger's convictions on drug charges (in 1967 and 1970Wyman 2002. p. 361), complicated the band's plans for their Pacific tour in early 1973: they were denied permission to play in Japan and almost banned from Australia. This was followed by a European tour (bypassing France) in September/October 1973 - prior to which Richards had been arrested once more on drug charges, this time in England.Wyman 2002. p. 412

The band went to Musicland studios in Munich to record their next album, 1974's It's Only Rock 'n' Roll (UK 2; US 1), but Jimmy Miller, who had drug abuse issues, was no longer producer. Instead, Jagger and Richards assumed production duties and were credited as "the Glimmer Twins". Both the album and the single of the same name were hits.

Near the end of 1974, Taylor began to lose patience. "Mick Taylor Biography" allmusic. Retrieved 25 June 2007. The band's situation made normal functioning complicated, with band members living in different countries and legal barriers restricting where they could tour. In addition, drug use was affecting Richards's creativity and productivity, and Taylor felt some of his own creative contributions were going unrecognised. At the end of 1974, with a recording session already booked in Munich to record another album, Taylor quit the Rolling Stones. Smith, Curtis. "Why Mick Taylor Quit the Stones" micktaylor.net. Retrieved 25 June 2007. Taylor said in 1980, "I was getting a bit fed up. I wanted to broaden my scope as a guitarist and do something else... I wasn't really composing songs or writing at that time. I was just beginning to write, and that influenced my decision... There are some people who can just ride along from crest to crest; they can ride along somebody else's success. And there are some people for whom that's not enough. It really wasn't enough for me."Obrecht, Jas: "Mick Taylor: Ex-Rolling Stones On His Own", page 20. Guitar World, February 1980

1975–1982

thumb|upright|Ronnie Wood and Mick Jagger 1975The Rolling Stones used the recording sessions in Munich to audition replacements for Taylor. Guitarists as stylistically disparate as Humble Pie lead Peter Frampton and ex-Yardbirds virtuoso Jeff Beck were auditioned (although Beck later claimed that he had played with the band without realising that they were looking to hire him, and would never have agreed to join). Rory Gallagher and Shuggie Otis also dropped by the Munich sessions. American session players Wayne Perkins and Harvey Mandel also appeared on much of the next album, Black and Blue (UK 2; US 1) (1976). Yet Richards and Jagger also wanted the Rolling Stones to remain purely a British band. When Ronnie Wood auditioned, everyone agreed that he was the right choice.Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. p. 174. Wood had already recorded and played live with Richards, and had contributed to the recording and writing of the track "It's Only Rock 'n Roll". Though he had earlier declined Jagger's offer to join the Stones, because of his ties to The Faces, Wood committed to the Rolling Stones in 1975 for their upcoming Tour of the Americas. He officially joined the band the following year, as the Faces dissolved. Unlike the other band members, however, Wood was a salaried employee and remained so until Wyman's departure nearly two decades later, when Wood finally became a full member of the Rolling Stones' partnership.

The 1975 Tour of the Americas kicked off in New York City with the band performing on a flatbed trailer being pulled down Broadway. The tour featured stage props including a giant phallus and a rope on which Jagger swung out over the audience. thumb|left|Toronto's Mocambo Club where part of Love You Live was recorded.]

Jagger had booked live recording sessions at the El Mocambo club in Toronto to balance a long-overdue live album, 1977's Love You Live (UK 3; US 5), the first Stones live album since 1970's Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert. Richards's addiction to heroin delayed his arrival in Toronto; the other members had already assembled, awaiting Richards, and sent him a telegram asking him where he was. On 24 February 1977, when Richards and his family flew in from London, they were temporarily detained by Canada Customs after Richards was found in possession of a burnt spoon and hash residue. Three days later, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, armed with an arrest warrant for Pallenberg, discovered "22 grams of heroin"Greenspan, Edward (editor), Regina v. Richards 49 C.C.C. (2d), Canadian Criminal Cases (1980), Canada Law Book. p. 518 in Richards's room. Richards was charged with importing narcotics into Canada, an offence that carried a minimum seven-year sentence.Sandford, Christopher. Keith Richards: Satisfaction, Caroll & Graf: New York, 2003, p. 225 Later the Crown prosecutor conceded that Richards had procured the drugs after arrival.Greenspan, Edward (editor), Regina v. Richards 49 C.C.C. (2d), Canadian Criminal Cases (1980), Canada Law Book. p. 517–27 Despite the arrest, the band played two shows in Toronto, only to raise more controversy when Margaret Trudeau, then-wife of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, was seen partying with the band after one show. The band's two shows were not advertised to the public. Instead, the El Mocambo had been booked for the entire week by April Wine for a recording session. 1050 CHUM, a local radio station, ran a contest for free tickets to see April Wine. Contest winners who selected tickets for Friday or Saturday night were surprised to find the Rolling Stones playing.

On 4 March, Richards's partner Anita Pallenberg pled guilty to drug possession and incurred a fine in connection with the original airport incident.Sandford, Christopher. Keith Richards: Satisfaction, Caroll & Graf: New York, 2003, p. 227 The drug case against Richards dragged on for over a year. Ultimately, Richards received a suspended sentence and was ordered to play two free concerts for the CNIB in Oshawa; both shows featured the Rolling Stones and The New Barbarians, a group that Wood had put together to promote his latest solo album, and which Richards also joined. This episode strengthened Richards's resolve to stop using heroin. It also contributed to the end of his relationship with Pallenberg, which had become strained since the death of their third child (an infant son named Tara). In addition, Pallenberg was unable to curb her heroin addiction while Keith struggled to get clean.Sandford, Christopher. Keith Richards: Satisfaction, Caroll & Graf: New York, 2003, p. 232-3, 248-250 While Richards was settling his legal and personal problems, Jagger continued his jet-set lifestyle. He was a regular at New York's Studio 54 disco club, often in the company of model Jerry Hall. His marriage to Bianca Jagger ended in 1978, although they had long been estranged.thumb|upright|left|Jagger on stage, with the Rolling Stones on American tourAlthough the Rolling Stones remained popular through the first half of the 1970s, music critics had grown increasingly dismissive of the band's output, and record sales failed to meet expectations. By the late 70s, after punk rock became influential, many criticised the Rolling Stones as decadent, aging millionaires and their music as stagnant or irrelevant. This changed in 1978, after the band released Some Girls (UK #2; US #1), which included the hit single "Miss You", the country ballad "Far Away Eyes", "Beast of Burden", and "Shattered". In part as a response to punk, many songs were fast, basic, guitar-driven rock and roll, and the album's success re-established the Rolling Stones' immense popularity among young people. Following the US Tour 1978, the band guested on the first show of the fourth season of the TV series "Saturday Night Live". The group did not tour Europe the following year, breaking the routine of touring Europe every three years that the band had followed since 1967.

Following the success of Some Girls, the band released their next album Emotional Rescue (UK 1; US 1) in mid-1980. The recording of the album was reportedly plagued by turmoil, with Jagger and Richards' relationship reaching a new low. Richards, though still using heroin according to keyboardist Ian Mclagan, began to assert more control in the studio — more than Jagger had become used to — and a struggle ensued as Richards felt he was fighting for "his half of the Glimmer Twins." Emotional Rescue hit the top of the charts on both sides of the Atlantic and the title track reached #3 in the US.

In early 1981, the group reconvened and decided to tour the US that year, leaving little time to write and record a new album, as well as rehearse for the tour. That year's resulting album, Tattoo You (UK 2; US 1) featured a number of outtakes, including lead single "Start Me Up", which reached #2 in the US and ranked #22 on Billboard's Hot 100 year-end chart. Two songs ("Waiting on a Friend" (US #13) and "Tops") featured Mick Taylor's guitar playing, while jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins played on "Slave" and dubbed a part on "Waiting on a Friend". The Rolling Stones scored one more Top Twenty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, the #20 hit "Hang Fire". The Stones' American Tour 1981 was their biggest, longest and most colourful production to date, with the band playing from 25 September through 19 December. It was the highest grossing tour of that year. Some shows were recorded, resulting in the 1982 live album Still Life (UK 4; US 5), and the 1983 Hal Ashby concert film Let's Spend the Night Together, which was filmed at Sun Devil Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona and the Brendan Byrne Arena in the Meadowlands, New Jersey.

In mid-1982, to commemorate their 20th anniversary, the Rolling Stones took their American stage show to Europe. The European Tour 1982 was their first European tour in six years. The tour was essentially a carbon copy of the 1981 American tour. For the tour, the band were joined by former Allman Brothers Band piano player Chuck Leavell, who continues to play and record with the Stones. By the end of the year, the band had signed a new four-album, 28 million dollar recording deal with a new label, CBS Records.

1983–1991

Before leaving Atlantic, the Rolling Stones released Undercover (UK 3; US 4) in late 1983. Despite good reviews and the Top Ten peak position of the title track, the record sold below expectations and there was no tour to support it. Subsequently the Stones' new marketer/distributor CBS Records took over distributing the Stones' Atlantic catalogue.

By this time, the Jagger/Richards split was growing. Much to the consternation of Richards, Jagger had signed a solo deal with CBS Records, and he spent much of 1984 writing songs for this first solo effort. He has also stated that he was feeling stultified within the framework of the Rolling Stones.{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25x5_–_The_Continuing_Adventures_of_the_Rolling_Stones} By 1985, Jagger was spending more time on solo recordings, and much of the material on 1986's Dirty Work (UK #4; US #4) was generated by Keith Richards, with more contributions by Ron Wood than on previous Rolling Stones albums. Rumours surfaced that Jagger and Richards were rarely, if ever, in the studio at the same time, leaving Richards to keep the recording sessions moving forward.

In December 1985, the band's co-founder, pianist, road manager and long-time friend Ian Stewart died of a heart attack. The Rolling Stones played a private tribute concert for him at London's 100 Club in February 1986, two days before they were presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Dirty Work was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews despite the presence of the US Top Five hit "Harlem Shuffle"; Jagger refused to tour to promote the album, stating later that several band members were in no condition to tour. Richards was infuriated when Jagger instead undertook his own solo tour which included Rolling Stones songs. He has referred to this period in his relations with Jagger as "World War III".Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 247 Jagger's solo records, She's The Boss (UK 6; US 13) (1985) and Primitive Cool (UK 26; US 41) (1987), met with moderate success, although Richards disparaged both. Many believed the group would disband. In 1988, with the Rolling Stones inactive, Richards released his first solo album, Talk Is Cheap (UK 37; US 24). It was well received by fans and critics, going gold in the US.

In early 1989, the Rolling Stones, including Mick Taylor, Ronnie Wood and Ian Stewart (posthumously), were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Jagger and Richards set aside animosities and went to work on a new Rolling Stones album that would be called Steel Wheels (UK 2; US 3). Heralded as a return to form, it included the singles "Mixed Emotions" (US #5), "Rock and a Hard Place" (US #23) and "Almost Hear You Sigh". It also included "Continental Drift", which was recorded in Tangier in 1989 with The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar coordinated by Tony King and Cherie Nutting.A BBC film was made entitled "The Rolling Stones in Morocco produced by Nigil Finch.

The subsequent Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tours, encompassing North America, Japan and Europe, saw the Rolling Stones touring for the first time in seven years (since Europe 1982), and it was their biggest stage production to date. Opening acts included Living Colour and Guns N' Roses; the onstage personnel included a horn section and backup singers Lisa Fischer and Bernard Fowler, both of whom continue to tour regularly with the Rolling Stones. Recordings from the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle tours produced the 1991 concert album Flashpoint (UK 6; US 16), which also included two studio tracks recorded in 1991: the single "Highwire" and "Sex Drive".

These were the last Rolling Stones tours for Bill Wyman, who left the band after years of deliberation, although his retirement was not made official until December 1992. He then published Stone Alone, an autobiography based on scrapbooks and diaries he had been keeping since the band's early days. A few years later he formed Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings and began recording and touring again.

1992–2004

After the successes of the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle tours, the band took a break. Charlie Watts released two jazz albums; Ronnie Wood made his fifth solo album, the first in 11 years, called Slide On This; Keith Richards released his second solo album in late 1992, Main Offender (UK 45; US 99), and did a small tour including big concerts in Spain and Argentina. Mick Jagger got good reviews and sales with his third solo album, Wandering Spirit (UK 12; US 11). The album sold more than two million copies worldwide, going gold in the US.

After Wyman's departure, the Rolling Stones' new distributor/record label, Virgin Records, remastered and repackaged the band's back catalogue from Sticky Fingers to Steel Wheels, except for the three live albums, and issued another hits compilation in 1993 entitled Jump Back (UK 16; US 30). By 1993 the Rolling Stones set upon their next studio album. Darryl Jones, former sideman of Miles Davis and Sting, was chosen by Charlie Watts as Wyman's replacement for 1994's Voodoo Lounge (UK 1; US 2). The album met strong reviews and sales, going double platinum in the US. Reviewers took note of the album's "traditionalist" sounds, which were credited to the Rolling Stones' new producer Don Was. "Voodoo Lounge" AMG, 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007. It would go on to win the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Rock Album.

1994 also brought the accompanying Voodoo Lounge Tour, which lasted into 1995. Numbers from various concerts and rehearsals (mostly acoustic) made up Stripped (UK 9; US 9), which featured a cover of Bob Dylan's "Like A Rolling Stone", as well as infrequently played songs like "Shine a Light", "Sweet Virginia" and "The Spider and the Fly".

The Rolling Stones were the first major recording artists to broadcast a concert over the Internet; a 20-minute video was broadcast on November 18, 1994 using the Mbone at 10 frames per second. The broadcast, engineered by Thinking Pictures and financed by Sun Microsystems, was one of the first demonstrations of streaming video; while it was not a true webcast, it introduced many to the technology. Rolling Stones Live on Internet: Both a Big Deal and a Little Deal. The New York Times, November 22, 1994.

thumb|left|upright|Keith Richards in Hannover, 2006, during the Bigger Bang|A Bigger Bang Tour]The Rolling Stones ended the 1990s with the album Bridges To Babylon (UK 6; US 3), released in 1997 to mixed reviews. The video of the single "Anybody Seen My Baby?" featured Angelina Jolie as guest and met steady rotation on both MTV and VH1. Sales were reasonably equivalent to those of previous records (about 1.2 million copies sold in the US), and the subsequent Bridges to Babylon Tour, which crossed Europe, North America and other destinations, proved the band to be a strong live attraction. Once again, a live album was culled from the tour, No Security (UK 67; US 34), only this time all but two songs ("Live With Me" and "The Last Time") were previously unreleased on live albums. In 1999, the Rolling Stones staged the No Security Tour in the US and continued the Bridges to Babylon tour in Europe. The No Security Tour offered a stripped-down production in contrast to the pyrotechnics and mammoth stages of other recent tours.

In late 2001, Mick Jagger released his fourth solo album, Goddess in the Doorway (UK 44; US 39) which met with mixed reviews. Jagger and Richards took part in "The Concert for New York City", performing "Salt of the Earth" and "Miss You" with a backing band.

In 2002, the band released Forty Licks (UK 2; US 2), a greatest hits double album, to mark their forty years as a band. The collection contained four new songs recorded with the latter-day core band of Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood, Leavell and Jones. The album has sold more than 7 million copies worldwide. The same year, Q magazine named the Rolling Stones as one of the "50 Bands To See Before You Die", "Q - 50 Bands You Must See Before You Die" rocklist.neyt, September 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007. and the 2002-2003 Licks Tour gave people that chance. The tour included shows in small theatres, arenas and stadiums. The band headlined the Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto concert in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to help the city — which they have used for rehearsals since the Steel Wheels tour — recover from the 2003 SARS epidemic. The concert was attended by an estimated 490,000 people.

thumb|Much of the band's merchandise bears The Rolling Stones' "Tongue and Lip Design" logo
The logo was designed by Pasche, and first appeared on the 1971 Sticky Fingers album.]On 9 November 2003, the band played their first concert in Hong Kong as part of the Harbour Fest celebration, also in support of the SARS-affected economy. In November 2003, the band exclusively licensed the right to sell their new four-DVD boxed set, Four Flicks, recorded on the band's most recent world tour, to the US Best Buy chain of stores. In response, some Canadian and US music retail chains (including HMV Canada and Circuit City) pulled Rolling Stones CDs and related merchandise from their shelves and replaced them with signs explaining the situation. "Some US retailers join Stones boycott" CNN, November 2003. Retrieved 14 June 2007. In 2004, a double live album of the Licks Tour, Live Licks (UK 38; US 50), was released, going gold in the US.

2005–present

On 26 July 2005, Jagger's birthday, the band announced the name of their new album, A Bigger Bang (UK 2; US 3), their first album in almost eight years. A Bigger Bang was released on 6 September to strong reviews, including a glowing write-up in Rolling Stone magazine. "A Bigger Bang: Review" Rolling Stone, 22 September 2005. Retrieved 14 June 2007. The single "Streets of Love" reached the Top 15 in UK and Europe.

The album included the political "Sweet Neo Con", a criticism of American Neoconservatism from Jagger. "Stones 'slate Bush' in album song" BBC News, 2005. Retrieved 16 October 2007. The song was reportedly almost dropped from the album because of objections from Richards. When asked if he was afraid of political backlash such as the Dixie Chicks had endured for criticism of American involvement in the war in Iraq, Richards responded that the album came first, and that, "I don't want to be sidetracked by some little political 'storm in a teacup'."[2] CNN News, 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2007.

The subsequent A Bigger Bang Tour began in August 2005, and visited North America, South America and East Asia. In February 2006, the group played the half-time show of Super Bowl XL in Detroit, Michigan. By the end of 2005, the Bigger Bang tour set a record of $162 million in gross receipts, breaking the North American mark also set by the Rolling Stones 1994. On 18 February 2006 the band played a free concert with a claimed 1.5 million attendance at the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro.thumb|left|Ron Wood and Mick Jagger onstage with the Rolling Stones in Vienna, 2006

After performances in Japan, China, Australia and New Zealand in March/April 2006, the Rolling Stones tour took a scheduled break before proceeding to Europe; during this break Keith Richards was hospitalised in New Zealand for cranial surgery after a fall from a tree on Fiji, where he had been on holiday. The incident led to a six-week delay in launching the European leg of the tour. "Keith Richards and the Fiji fall: The mystery deepens" Uncut. Retrieved 5 October 2007. In June 2006 it was reported that Ronnie Wood was continuing his programme of rehabilitation for alcohol abuse, but this did not affect the rearranged European tour schedule. Two out of the 21 shows scheduled for July-September 2006 were later cancelled due to Mick Jagger's throat problems.

The Rolling Stones returned to North America for concerts in September 2006, and returned to Europe on 5 June 2007. By November 2006, the Bigger Bang tour had been declared the highest-grossing tour of all time, earning $437 million. The North American leg brought in the third-highest receipts ever ($138.5 million), trailing their own 2005 tour ($162 million) and the U2 tour of that same year ($138.9 million). "Stones Roll Over U2 To Claim Highest Grossing Concert Tour" All Headline News, 29 November 2006

On 29 October and 1 November 2006, director Martin Scorsese filmed the Rolling Stones performing at New York City's Beacon Theatre, in front of an audience that included Bill and Hillary Clinton, released as the 2008 film Shine a Light; the film also features guest appearances by Buddy Guy, Jack White and Christina Aguilera. "Shine A Light"Internet Movie Database, 16 January 2007 An accompanying soundtrack, also titled Shine a Light (UK 2; US 11), was released in April 2008. The album's debut at number 2 in the UK charts was the highest position for a Rolling Stones concert album since Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert in 1970.

On 24 March 2007, the band announced a tour of Europe called the "Bigger Bang 2007" tour. 12 June 2007 saw the release of the band's second four-disc DVD set: The Biggest Bang, a seven-hour document featuring their shows in Austin, Rio de Janeiro, Saitama, Shanghai and Buenos Aires, along with extras. On 10 June 2007, the band performed their first gig at a festival in 30 years, at the Isle of Wight Festival, to a crowd of 65,000. On 26 August 2007, they played their last concert of the A Bigger Bang Tour at the O2 Arena in London, England. On 26 September 2007, it was announced the Rolling Stones had made $437 million on the A Bigger Bang Tour to list them in the latest edition of Guinness World Records.

right|thumb|Charlie Watts in 2006]Mick Jagger released a compilation of his solo work called The Very Best of Mick Jagger (UK 57; US 77), including three unreleased songs, on 2 October 2007. On 12 November 2007, ABKCO released The Very Best of the Rolling Stones, a double-CD remake of the 1975 compilation Rolled Gold; the reissue went to number 26 in the UK charts.

In a 2007 interview with Mick Jagger after nearly two years of touring, Jagger refused to say when the band is going to retire: "I'm sure the Rolling Stones will do more things, more records and more tours, we've got no plans to stop any of that, really. As far as I'm concerned, I'm sure we'll continue." In March 2008 Keith Richards sparked rumours that a new Rolling Stones studio album may be forthcoming, saying during an interview following the premiere of Shine a Light, "I think we might make another album. Once we get over doing promotion on this film". Drummer Charlie Watts remarked that he got ill whenever he stopped working. "Stones Planning 23rd Album" Contact Music, 28 March 2008 In July 2008 it was announced that the Rolling Stones were leaving EMI and signing with Vivendi's Universal Music, taking with them their catalogue stretching back to Sticky Fingers. New music released by the band while under this contract will be issued through Universal's Polydor label. "Stones Roll to Universal in New Deal" Yahoo! News, 25 July 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008. Universal Records will hold the US rights to the pre-1994 material, while the post-1994 material will be handled by Interscope Records (once a subsidiary of Atlantic). Coincidentally, Universal Music is also the distributor for ABKCO, owners of the band's pre-Sticky Fingers releases.

During the fall, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, and Mick Taylor worked with producer Don Was to add new vocals and guitar parts to ten unfinished songs from the Exile on Main St. sessions.

In late November 2009 rumours circulated that the Rolling Stones are planning to tour in 2010.[3] "Spinner", 30 Nov 2009. However, the Rolling Stones admitted in January 2010 that they had no such plans.

On 17 April 2010 the band released a limited edition 7-inch vinyl single of the previously unreleased track "Plundered My Soul" in honour of Record Store Day. The track, part of the group's 2010 re-issue of Exile on Main St., was combined with "All Down the Line" as its B-side.

On 23 April, it was announced that the band would be at Cannes Festival, for the premiere of the documentary Stones in Exile (directed by Stephen Kijak), about the recording of the album Exile on Main St..El Universal Spanish [4] "Rolling Stones se uniran a las estrellas en la meca del cine europeo"

On 23 May 2010, the re-issue of Exile on Main St. stormed at No. 1 in the UK charts, almost 38 years to the week after it first occupied that position. The Rolling Stones are the first act to ever see a classic work return to No. 1 decades after it was first released. In the U.S, the album sold 76,000 copies during the first week and re-entered the charts at No. 2. A CD containing just the 10 new tracks from the 2CD edition of Exile on Main St. was released exclusively through Target, - as Exile on Main St. and also charted at No. 27.

On 11 October 2010, the Stones are releasing The Rolling Stones to the cinemas and later on to DVD. This Live Performance was recorded during 4 shows in Ft. Worth and Houston, Texas in support of their The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972 and their album Exile on Main Street. The film was released to cinemas in 1974 but until now it was never available for home release apart from the numerous bootleg copies.

Musical evolution

The Rolling Stones are notable in modern popular music for assimilating various musical genres into their own collective sound. Throughout the band's career, their musical contributions have been marked by a continual reference and reliance on musical styles including blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, reggae, dance, and world music, exemplified by their collaboration with the Master Musicians of Jajouka as well as traditional English styles that use stringed instrumentation like harps. Brian Jones experimented with the use of non-traditional instruments such as the sitar, and slide guitar in their early days. The group cut their musical teeth by covering early rock and roll and blues songs, and have never stopped playing live or recording cover songs.

Infusion of American blues

Jagger and Richards shared an admiration of Jimmy Reed, Muddy Waters and Little Walter, and their interest influenced Brian Jones, of whom Richards says, "He was more into T-Bone Walker and jazz blues stuff. We'd turn him onto Chuck Berry and say, 'Look, it's all the same shit, man, and you can do it.'" Charlie Watts, a traditional jazz drummer, was also introduced to the blues through his association with the pair. "Keith and Brian turned me on to Jimmy Reed and people like that. I learned that Earl Phillips was playing on those records like a jazz drummer, playing swing, with a straight four..."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 41

Jagger, recalling when he first heard the likes of Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Muddy Waters, Fats Domino and other major American R&B artists, said it "seemed the most real thing"Davin SeayMick Jagger:The Story Behind the Rolling Stone. York: Birch Lane Press, 1993. he had heard up to that point. Similarly, Keith Richards, describing the first time he listened to Muddy Waters, said it was the "most powerful music had ever heard...the most expressive."Robert Gordon. Can't Be Satisfied New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2002 He also stated, "when you think of some dopey, spotty seventeen year old from Dartford, who wants to be Muddy Waters-- and there were a lot of us-- in a way, very pathetic, but in another way, very.. heartwarming".

Early songwriting

Despite the Rolling Stones' predilection for blues and R&B numbers on their early live setlists, the first original compositions by the band reflected a more wide-ranging interest. The first Jagger/Richards single, "Tell Me ", has been described by critic Richie Unterberger as a "pop rock ballad... When and Richards began to write songs, they were usually not derived from the blues, but were often surprisingly fey, slow, Mersey-type pop numbers." "Tell Me"allmusic. Retrieved 14 December 2007. "As Tears Go By", the ballad originally written for Marianne Faithfull, was one of the first songs written by Jagger and Richards and also one of many written by the duo for other artists. Jagger said of the song, "It's a relatively mature song considering the rest of the output at the time. And we didn't think of [5] it, because the Rolling Stones were a butch blues group." The Rolling Stones did later record a version which became a top five hit in the US. "As Tears Go By"allmusic. Retrieved 14 December 2007.

On the early experience, Richards said, "The amazing thing is that although Mick and I thought these songs were really puerile and kindergarten-time, every one that got put out made a decent showing in the charts. That gave us extraordinary confidence to carry on, because at the beginning songwriting was something we were going to do in order to say to Andrew Oldham, 'Well, at least we gave it a try...'" Jagger said, "We were very pop-orientated. We didn't sit around listening to Muddy Waters; we listened to everything. In some ways it's easy to write to order... Keith and I got into the groove of writing those kind of tunes; they were done in ten minutes. I think we thought it was a bit of a laugh, and it turned out to be something of an apprenticeship for us."Jagger, Richards, Watts, Wood 2003. p. 85

The writing of the single "The Last Time," the Rolling Stones' first major single, proved a turning point. Richards called it "a bridge into thinking about writing for the Stones. It gave us a level of confidence; a pathway of how to do it." The song was based on a traditional gospel song popularised by The Staples Singers, but the Rolling Stones' number features a distinctive guitar riff (played on stage by Brian Jones).

Band members

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Discography

In a career that has spanned nearly half a century, the band has released over 90 singles, more than two dozen studio albums, and numerous compilation and live albums. Ten of their studio albums are among Rolling Stone magazine's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, with their 1972 double album Exile on Main St. placing seventh. The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time from Rolling Stone magazine

Concert tours

Official videography

Officially released films featuring are listed with their original release dates. (The formats mentioned are the most recent versions officially available, not necessarily the original release formats.)

• 1966: Charlie Is My Darling, directed by Peter Whitehead) (released on DVD in 2009 without the Rolling Stones' music)
• 1968: Sympathy for the Devil , directed by Jean-Luc Godard (DVD)
• 1969: Stones in the Park (DVD)
• 1970: Gimme Shelter, directed by Albert and David Maysles (DVD/Blu-ray Disc)
• 1974: The Rolling Stones, directed by Rolin Binzer
• 1982: Rocks Off and Let's Spend the Night Together, both directed by Hal Ashby (DVD)
• 1984: Video Rewind (VHS)
• 1989: 25x5 – The Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones (VHS)
• 1992: Stones at the Max, directed by Julien Temple (DVD)
• 1995: Voodoo Lounge Live (DVD)
• 1996: The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus, directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg (filmed in 1968) (DVD)
• 1998: Bridges to Babylon Tour '97–98 (DVD)
• 2003: Four Flicks (DVD)
• 2007: The Biggest Bang (DVD/Blu-ray Disc)
• 2008: Shine a Light, directed by Martin Scorsese, released to theatres in standard and IMAX presentations (DVD/Blu-ray Disc)
• 2009: Stones at the Max Remastered twentieth anniversary edition, directed by Julien Temple (DVD/Blu-ray Disc)
• 2010: Stones in Exile, directed by Stephen Kijak

References

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Further reading

• Gered Mankowitz: The Rolling Stones - Out of Their Heads. Photographs 1965-67 and 1982, ISBN 3-89602-664-X
• Stanley Booth, The True Adventures of the Rolling Stones, Chicago Review Press (2000), ISBN 1-55652-400-5 (also published as Dance with the Devil: The Rolling Stones and Their Times, Random House (1984), ISBN 0-394-53488-3
• Stanley Booth, Keith: Standing in the Shadows, St. Martin's Press (1995), ISBN 0-312-11841-4
• Bill Wyman, Rolling with the Stones, DK Publishing (2002), ISBN 0-7894-9998-3
• Roy Carr, The Rolling Stones: An Illustrated Record, Harmony Books (1976), ISBN 0-517-52641-7
• Robert Greenfield, S.T.P.: A Journey Through America with the Rolling Stones (1974), Reissued De Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 0-306-81199-5
• James Phelge, Nankering with the Stones 2000. ISBN 1-55652-373-4
• The Rolling Stones, According to the Rolling Stones, Chronicle Books (2003), ISBN 0-8118-4060-3
• Andrew Loog Oldham, Stoned, St. Martin's Griffin (2000), ISBN 0-312-27094-1
• Chet Flippo, On the Road With the Rolling Stones, Doubleday/Dolphin (1985), ISBN 0-385-193742
• Greil Marcus, "Myth and Misquotation", The Dustbin Of History, Harvard University Press (1997), ISBN 0-674-21858-2
• "The Ecstasy and the Irony: The Evolution of a Rhythm & Blues Band" Ian McPherson (2000)
• The Gram Parsons Homepage FAQ
• CBC Digital Archives - The Rolling Stones: Canada gets satisfaction

External links

• Rolling With the Stones in 1969 - image slideshow by Life magazine
• The Rolling Stones at Billboard.com
• The Rolling Stones at Allmusic
• The Rolling Stones at Discogs
• The Rolling Stones live music
• The Rolling Stones Art

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